A gain-control theory of binocular combination
A gain-control theory of binocular combination
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0509629103
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发表时间：
2006-01-24
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Sperling, G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ding, J;Sperling, G
在双眼组合中，与当两只眼睛具有不相容的（“竞争性的”）输入并且仅感知到一只眼睛的刺激时发生的双眼竞争相比，两个视网膜上的光图像被组合以形成单个“循环”感知图像。我们提出了一个计算理论的双目组合与两个基本原则的相互作用：在每个空间邻域，每只眼睛（i）施加增益控制对另一只眼睛的信号成比例的对比度能量的输入和（它）另外施加增益控制对另一只眼睛的增益控制。对于普通对比度的刺激，当任何一只眼睛被单独刺激时，预测的回旋图像与当两只眼睛被同等刺激时相同，与自然视觉的容易观察到的特性一致。增益控制理论是依赖于对比度的：对左眼和右眼的非常低对比度的刺激线性地相加以形成预测的循环图像。内在的非线性只在对比度增加时才表现出来。为了更精确地测试理论，向每只眼睛呈现每度0.68周期的水平正弦波光栅。光栅的对比度和相位不同。预测的（和感知的）回旋光栅也是正弦波;其表观相位指示两只眼睛对回旋光栅图像的相对贡献。对于48个测量的相位和对比度的组合，只有一个估计参数的理论解释了95%的数据方差。因此，一个简单的，强大的，生理上合理的增益控制理论准确地描述了早期阶段的双目组合。
in binocular combination, light images on the two retinas are combined to form a single "cyclopean" perceptual image, in contrast to binocular rivalry which occurs when the two eyes have incompatible ("rivalrous") inputs and only one eye's stimulus is perceived. We propose a computational theory for binocular combination with two basic principles of interaction: in every spatial neighborhood, each eye (i) exerts gain control on the other eye's signal in proportion to the contrast energy of its own input and (it) additionally exerts gain control on the other eye's gain control. For stimuli of ordinary contrast, when either eye is stimulated alone, the predicted cyclopean image is the same as when both eyes are stimulated equally, coinciding with an easily observed property of natural vision. The gain-control theory is contrast dependent: Very low-contrast stimuli to the left- and right-eye add linearly to form the predicted cyclopean image. The intrinsic nonlinearity manifests itself only as contrast increases. To test the theory more precisely, a horizontal sine wave grating of 0.68 cycles per degree is presented to each eye. The gratings differ in contrast and phase. The predicted (and perceived) cyclopean grating also is a sine wave; its apparent phase indicates the relative contribution of the two eyes to the cyclopean image. For 48 measured combinations of phase and contrast, the theory with only one estimated parameter accounts for 95% of the variance of the data. Therefore, a simple, robust, physiologically plausible gain-control theory accurately describes an early stage of binocular combination.