Temperature Structure in the Perseus Cluster Core Observed with Hitomi
Temperature Structure in the Perseus Cluster Core Observed with Hitomi
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DOI：
10.1093/pasj/psy004
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发表时间：
2017-12
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
F. Aharonian;H. Akamatsu;F. Akimoto;Steven W. Allen;L. Angelini;M. Audard;H. Awaki;M. Axelsson;A. Bamba;Marshall W. Bautz;R. Blandford;L. Brenneman;Gregory V. Brown;E. Bulbul;E. Cackett;M. Chernyakova;M. Chiao;P. Coppi;E. Costantini;J. de Plaa;C. D. de Vries;J. D. den Herder;C. Done;T. Dotani;K. Ebisawa;M. Eckart;T. Enoto;Y. Ezoe;Andrew C. Fabian;C. Ferrigno;A. Foster;R. Fujimoto;Y. Fukazawa;M. Furukawa;A. Furuzawa;M. Galeazzi;L. Gallo;P. Gandhi;M. Giustini;A. Goldwurm;L. Gu;M. Guainazzi;Y. Haba;K. Hagino;K. Hamaguchi;I. Harrus;I. Hatsukade;K. Hayashi;T. Hayashi;K. Hayashida;J. Hiraga;A. Hornschemeier;A. Hoshino;John P. Hughes;Y. Ichinohe;R. Iizuka;H. Inoue;Y. Inoue;M. Ishida;K. Ishikawa;Y. Ishisaki;M. Iwai;J. Kaastra;T. Kallman;T. Kamae;J. Kataoka;Y. Kato;S. Katsuda;N. Kawai;R. Kelley;C. Kilbourne;T. Kitaguchi;S. Kitamoto;T. Kitayama;T. Kohmura;M. Kokubun;K. Koyama;S. Koyama;P. Kretschmar;H. Krimm;A. Kubota;H. Kunieda;P. Laurent;Shiu-Hang Lee;M. Leutenegger;O. Limousin;M. Loewenstein;K. Long;D. Lumb;G. Madejski;Y. Maeda;D. Maier;K. Makishima;M. Markevitch;H. Matsumoto;K. Matsushita;D. McCammon;B. McNamara;M. Mehdipour;Eric D. Miller;Jon M. Miller;S. Mineshige;K. Mitsuda;I. Mitsuishi;T. Miyazawa;T. Mizuno;H. Mori;K. Mori;K. Mukai;H. Murakami;R. Mushotzky;T. Nakagawa;H. Nakajima;T. Nakamori;S. Nakashima;K. Nakazawa;K. Nobukawa;M. Nobukawa;H. Noda;H. Odaka;T. Ohashi;M. Ohno;T. Okajima;N. Ota;M. Ozaki;F. Paerels;S. Paltani;R. Petre;C. Pinto;F. S. Porter;K. Pottschmidt;C. Reynolds;S. Safi-Harb;S. Saito;K. Sakai;T. Sasaki;G. Sato;Kosuke Sato;R. Sato;M. Sawada;N. Schartel;Peter J. Serlemtsos;H. Seta;M. Shidatsu;A. Simionescu;Randall K. Smith;Y. Soong;Ł. Stawarz;Y. Sugawara;S. Sugita;A. Szymkowiak;H. Tajima;H. Takahashi;Tadayuki Takahashi;S. Takeda;Y. Takei;T. Tamagawa;T. Tamura;Takaaki Tanaka;Yasuo Tanaka;Yasuyuki T. Tanaka;M. Tashiro;Y. Tawara;Y. Terada;Y. Terashima;F. Tombesi;H. Tomida;Y. Tsuboi;M. Tsujimoto;H. Tsunemi;T. Tsuru;H. Uchida;H. Uchiyama;Y. Uchiyama;S. Ueda;Y. Ueda;S. Uno;C. Urry;E. Ursino;S. Watanabe;N. Werner;D. Wilkins;Brian J. Williams;S. Yamada;H. Yamaguchi;K. Yamaoka;Noriko Y. Yamasaki;M. Yamauchi;S. Yamauchi;T. Yaqoob;Y. Yatsu;D. Yonetoku;I. Zhuravleva;A. Zoghbi
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文献类型：
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作者：
F. Aharonian;H. Akamatsu;F. Akimoto;Steven W. Allen;L. Angelini;M. Audard;H. Awaki;M. Axelsson;A. Bamba;Marshall W. Bautz;R. Blandford;L. Brenneman;Gregory V. Brown;E. Bulbul;E. Cackett;M. Chernyakova;M. Chiao;P. Coppi;E. Costantini;J. de Plaa;C. D. de Vries;J. D. den Herder;C. Done;T. Dotani;K. Ebisawa;M. Eckart;T. Enoto;Y. Ezoe;Andrew C. Fabian;C. Ferrigno;A. Foster;R. Fujimoto;Y. Fukazawa;M. Furukawa;A. Furuzawa;M. Galeazzi;L. Gallo;P. Gandhi;M. Giustini;A. Goldwurm;L. Gu;M. Guainazzi;Y. Haba;K. Hagino;K. Hamaguchi;I. Harrus;I. Hatsukade;K. Hayashi;T. Hayashi;K. Hayashida;J. Hiraga;A. Hornschemeier;A. Hoshino;John P. Hughes;Y. Ichinohe;R. Iizuka;H. Inoue;Y. Inoue;M. Ishida;K. Ishikawa;Y. Ishisaki;M. Iwai;J. Kaastra;T. Kallman;T. Kamae;J. Kataoka;Y. Kato;S. Katsuda;N. Kawai;R. Kelley;C. Kilbourne;T. Kitaguchi;S. Kitamoto;T. Kitayama;T. Kohmura;M. Kokubun;K. Koyama;S. Koyama;P. Kretschmar;H. Krimm;A. Kubota;H. Kunieda;P. Laurent;Shiu-Hang Lee;M. Leutenegger;O. Limousin;M. Loewenstein;K. Long;D. Lumb;G. Madejski;Y. Maeda;D. Maier;K. Makishima;M. Markevitch;H. Matsumoto;K. Matsushita;D. McCammon;B. McNamara;M. Mehdipour;Eric D. Miller;Jon M. Miller;S. Mineshige;K. Mitsuda;I. Mitsuishi;T. Miyazawa;T. Mizuno;H. Mori;K. Mori;K. Mukai;H. Murakami;R. Mushotzky;T. Nakagawa;H. Nakajima;T. Nakamori;S. Nakashima;K. Nakazawa;K. Nobukawa;M. Nobukawa;H. Noda;H. Odaka;T. Ohashi;M. Ohno;T. Okajima;N. Ota;M. Ozaki;F. Paerels;S. Paltani;R. Petre;C. Pinto;F. S. Porter;K. Pottschmidt;C. Reynolds;S. Safi-Harb;S. Saito;K. Sakai;T. Sasaki;G. Sato;Kosuke Sato;R. Sato;M. Sawada;N. Schartel;Peter J. Serlemtsos;H. Seta;M. Shidatsu;A. Simionescu;Randall K. Smith;Y. Soong;Ł. Stawarz;Y. Sugawara;S. Sugita;A. Szymkowiak;H. Tajima;H. Takahashi;Tadayuki Takahashi;S. Takeda;Y. Takei;T. Tamagawa;T. Tamura;Takaaki Tanaka;Yasuo Tanaka;Yasuyuki T. Tanaka;M. Tashiro;Y. Tawara;Y. Terada;Y. Terashima;F. Tombesi;H. Tomida;Y. Tsuboi;M. Tsujimoto;H. Tsunemi;T. Tsuru;H. Uchida;H. Uchiyama;Y. Uchiyama;S. Ueda;Y. Ueda;S. Uno;C. Urry;E. Ursino;S. Watanabe;N. Werner;D. Wilkins;Brian J. Williams;S. Yamada;H. Yamaguchi;K. Yamaoka;Noriko Y. Yamasaki;M. Yamauchi;S. Yamauchi;T. Yaqoob;Y. Yatsu;D. Yonetoku;I. Zhuravleva;A. Zoghbi
本文利用瞳天文台的软x射线光谱仪（SXS）获得的1.8—20.0 keV数据，研究了英仙座星系团核心x射线发射等离子体的温度结构。共进行了4次观测，总有效曝光时间为338 ks，覆盖直径为$\sim7'$的中心区域。SXS在5.9 keV的能量分辨率下运行，能量分辨率为$\sim$5 eV（全宽度最大值的一半）。从Si到Fe，不仅可以清楚地分辨出类he离子k壳线的精细结构，而且可以分辨出高主量子数的跃迁。这使我们能够使用Si， S, Ar， Ca和Fe的线比进行温度诊断，并提供英仙座星团中激发温度和电离温度的第一次直接测量。观测到的光谱可以用碰撞电离平衡下的单温度热等离子体模型粗略地再现，但详细的线比诊断显示与这个近似有轻微的偏差。特别是，数据显示出电离温度随原子质量的增加而增加的明显趋势，以及铁的电离温度和激发温度之间的微小差异，这是唯一可以测量到两个温度的元素。最佳拟合的双温度模型表明是3 keV和5 keV气体的组合，这与观测到的与单一温度近似的小偏差是由于已知的径向温度梯度在星团核心沿视线投影的影响相一致。另一方面，与钱德拉/ACIS和xmm -牛顿/RGS结果的比较表明，ICM中存在额外的低温成分，但由于其1.8—20 keV的能带，Hitomi SXS无法检测到。
The present paper investigates the temperature structure of the X-ray emitting plasma in the core of the Perseus cluster using the 1.8--20.0 keV data obtained with the Soft X-ray Spectrometer (SXS) onboard the Hitomi Observatory. A series of four observations were carried out, with a total effective exposure time of 338 ks and covering a central region $\sim7'$ in diameter. The SXS was operated with an energy resolution of $\sim$5 eV (full width at half maximum) at 5.9 keV. Not only fine structures of K-shell lines in He-like ions but also transitions from higher principal quantum numbers are clearly resolved from Si through Fe. This enables us to perform temperature diagnostics using the line ratios of Si, S, Ar, Ca, and Fe, and to provide the first direct measurement of the excitation temperature and ionization temperature in the Perseus cluster. The observed spectrum is roughly reproduced by a single temperature thermal plasma model in collisional ionization equilibrium, but detailed line ratio diagnostics reveal slight deviations from this approximation. In particular, the data exhibit an apparent trend of increasing ionization temperature with increasing atomic mass, as well as small differences between the ionization and excitation temperatures for Fe, the only element for which both temperatures can be measured. The best-fit two-temperature models suggest a combination of 3 and 5 keV gas, which is consistent with the idea that the observed small deviations from a single temperature approximation are due to the effects of projection of the known radial temperature gradient in the cluster core along the line of sight. Comparison with the Chandra/ACIS and the XMM-Newton/RGS results on the other hand suggests that additional lower-temperature components are present in the ICM but not detectable by Hitomi SXS given its 1.8--20 keV energy band.