Reversed Facial Images and the Mere-Exposure Hypothesis
Reversed Facial Images and the Mere-Exposure Hypothesis
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反转的面部图像和单纯曝光假设
DOI：
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发表时间：
1977
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. Knight
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
T. Mita;M. Dermer;J. Knight
在需求特征解释的合理性被最小化的新背景下，单纯暴露假设得到了检验。假设Person更频繁地看到她的镜像而不是真实的形象，而Person的朋友或情人更频繁地看到Person的真实形象而不是镜像。根据纯粹暴露假说，人应该更喜欢自己的镜像，而她的朋友或情人应该更喜欢自己的真实形象。一张Person的正面面部照片被打印出来，其中一张与Person的真实形象相对应，另一张与她的镜像相对应。在两项研究中，人们发现“人”确实更喜欢自己的镜像而不是自己的真实形象，而“人”的朋友或情人的偏好则相反。“仅仅暴露”假说（Zajonc，而不是其他刺激，表明1968），即仅仅重复暴露裤子的直觉可能解释个体对刺激的反应，这是在其他研究中发现的增强刺激评价的暴露-影响关系的充分条件。斯坦表示，这种变化已经被广泛研究过。在被调查的表格中，我们更仔细地嵌入了基本的参与者设计，在看似合理的封面故事中，个人在最初看到不熟悉的刺激时，至少在实验后询问关于意义词、表意文字或面部照片的需求特征。后来，land和Zajonc（1976）在最近的一项研究中，在喜欢/不喜欢的维度中，根据好/坏或需求问题对这些材料进行了不同次数的评估。通常情况下，刺激姿势频率是更频繁地看到接受更多操作的两侧之间的裤子。参与者似乎有良好的评价，符合前不知道的实验假设姿势假设。正如实验后调查所揭示的那样，在几乎所有的暴露假说和单纯暴露假说中，一个严重的问题是涉及实验操作的研究。
The mere-exposure hypothesis was tested in a new context in which the plausibility of a demand-characteristics explanation was minimized. It was assumed that Person has more frequently been exposed to her mirror image than true image, whereas Person's Friend or Lover has more frequently been exposed to Person's true image than mirror image. According to the mere-exposure hypothesis, Person should prefer her mirror image, whereas her Friend or Lover should prefer Person's true image. A single frontal facial photograph of Person was printed in such a way that one print corresponded to Person's true image and another to her mirror image. In two studies, Person was found reliably to prefer her mirror image over her true image, whereas the reverse tendency characterized preferences of Person's Friend or Lover. The "mere-exposure" hypothesis (Zajonc, than other stimuli, suggesting that partici1968), that the mere repeated exposure of an pants' intuition could possibly account for individual to a stimulus is a sufficient condi- the exposure-affect relationship found in the tion for the enhancement of stimulus evalu- other studies. Stang suggested that the variation, has been studied extensively. In the ables investigated be more carefully embedded basic within-participants design, individuals in plausible cover stories and, at the very initially view unfamiliar stimuli, such as non- least, that postexperimental inquiries regardsense words, ideographs, or facial photographs, ing demand characteristics be made. Morea varying number of times and subsequently land and Zajonc (1976) recently addressed rate these materials along either good/bad or the demand issue in a study in which exlike/dislike dimensions. Typically, the stimuli posure frequency was a between-partid pants that are seen more frequently receive more manipulation. Participants appeared to have favorable evaluations, in accord with the ex- been unaware of the experimental hypothesis posure hypothesis. as revealed by postexperimental inquiries, A serious problem in nearly all of the and the mere-exposure hypothesis was corstudies involving the experimental manipula- roborated.