Accessing the development and heritability of the capacity of cognitive control
Accessing the development and heritability of the capacity of cognitive control
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2020.107361
复制
发表时间：
2020-03-02
期刊：
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Fan, Jin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chen, Yu;Chen, Caiqi;Fan, Jin
认知控制是一个核心结构，能力有限，支持执行功能和其他高级心理过程，如智力活动。虽然已有研究调查了特定年龄段执行功能的发展，但认知控制能力（CCC）从幼儿到青春期晚期的发展及其遗传能力尚未得到描述。在这项研究中，我们根据年龄在6至18岁之间的同卵双胞胎（n = 95）和异卵双胞胎（n = 81）以及参考青年组（n = 41，平均年龄= 26.15岁）的感知决策任务的表现来估计CCC。此外，这些参与者的智商（IQ）使用韦氏智力量表进行评估。我们发现，CCC从6岁时的1.55比特/秒（bps）增加到21岁时的3.87比特/秒的95%容量，随着年龄的增长，增长率降低。遗传力估计为0.66，共同和非共同环境影响对遗传力的影响分别为0.18和0.16。CCC与IQ有显著相关（r = 0.34）。这些发现表明，CCC是在整个学年发展起来的，具有高度遗传性，并且与更高水平的认知有关。
Cognitive control serves as a core construct, with limited capacity, to support executive functions and other higher-level mental processes such as intellectual activity. Although previous studies have investigated the development of executive functions during specific age periods, the development of the capacity of cognitive control (CCC) from early childhood to late adolescence and the heritability of the CCC have yet to be delineated. In this study, we estimated the CCC based on the performance of a perceptual decision-making task in monozygotic (n = 95) and dizygotic (n = 81) twin pairs with an age range from 6 to 18 years and in a reference young adult group (n = 41, mean age = 26.15 years). In addition, the intelligence quotient (IQ) of these participants was assessed using the Wechsler Intelligence Scales. We found an increase in the CCC from 1.55 bits per second (bps) at age 6 years to its 95% capacity of 3.87 bps at age 21 years, with a reduced growth rate as a function of age. The estimated heritability of the CCC was 0.66, and shared and non-shared environmental influences on the CCC were 0.18 and 0.16, respectively. The CCC was significantly correlated to IQ (r = 0.34). These findings indicate that the CCC is developed throughout the school years, is highly heritable, and is associated with higher-level cognition.