Stimulants, cognition and ADHD
Stimulants, cognition and ADHD
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cobeha.2015.04.010
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发表时间：
2015-08-01
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Castellanos, F. Xavier
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Baroni, Argelinda;Castellanos, F. Xavier
哌甲酯和安非他明等精神兴奋剂是治疗注意力缺陷/多动障碍（ADHD）的一线药物。它们被认为是典型的认知增强剂，但在急性服用时，它们对认知功能标准实验室指标的影响不大，长期服用则更不显著。然而，对ADHD患者进行的大规模观察性研究发现，兴奋剂可以减少犯罪行为、交通事故、轻微改善学习成绩，并可能防止药物滥用。这些影响可能反映了更广泛领域的调节，如情绪调节和动机，这些领域尚未得到充分研究。努力澄清认知任务及其基础结构之间的本体论关系应纳入研究领域标准项目和类似的协调倡议。
Psychostimulants such as methylphenidate and amphetamine are the first-line pharmacologic treatments for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). They are considered prototypical cognitive enhancers but their effects on standard laboratory indices of cognitive function are modest when administered acutely, and even less substantial chronically. However, large-scale observational studies in patients with ADHD have detected stimulant-associated decreases of criminal acts, transportation accidents, slightly improved academic performance, and possible protection against drug abuse. These effects likely reflect modulation of broader domains such as emotional regulation and motivation which have been under-examined. Efforts to clarify the ontological relations between cognitive tasks and their underlying constructs should be incorporated into the Research Domain Criteria project and similar harmonization initiatives.