Predator shadows: complex life histories as generators of spatially patterned indirect interactions across ecosystems
Predator shadows: complex life histories as generators of spatially patterned indirect interactions across ecosystems
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1600-0706.2008.16878.x
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发表时间：
2009-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Holt, Robert D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
McCoy, Michael W.;Barfield, Michael;Holt, Robert D.
空间上不同群落间物质交换或扩散的生态耦合对多样性-稳定性关系、生态系统功能和食物网动态等生态过程具有重要影响。生态系统之间耦合的一种重要模式是通过具有复杂生活史的生物发生的，这些生物在其生命周期中经常在不同的生态系统之间切换，因此可以成为这些生态系统之间物质交换的渠道。一些具有复杂生活史的生物（如青蛙、蜻蜓）在一个或多个生命阶段可能是数量丰富且有效的捕食者，因此为跨生态系统边界的强烈直接和间接相互作用提供了通道，将离散且通常非常不同的群落类型的动态联系起来。我们提出了简单的模型和一个案例研究（针对池塘生态系统），以探索幼虫栖息地内的相互作用如何间接影响成虫栖息地的生态相互作用。以我们的案例研究为出发点，我们提出从出生栖息地（如池塘）出现的捕食者群体在周围成年（如陆地）景观上投下“捕食阴影”。因此，池塘内的营养相互作用以及池塘在景观上的分布可以影响这些捕食阴影强度的空间格局，从而在陆地营养级联中产生强烈的空间格局。我们的研究结果强调了具有复杂生活史的生物作为跨生态系统边界强联系的生成器的重要性，以及作为种间相互作用强度和间接影响的空间变化的潜在来源。
Ecological coupling by material exchanges or dispersal between spatially distinct communities has important impacts on ecological processes, such as diversity-stability relationships, ecosystem function, and food web dynamics. One important mode of coupling between ecosystems occurs via organisms with complex life histories, which often switch between distinct ecosystems during their life cycle, and so can be channels of material exchanges between these ecosystems. Some organisms with complex life histories (e.g. frogs, dragonflies) can be abundant and effective predators during one or more life stages, and so provide conduits for strong direct and indirect interactions across ecosystem boundaries, linking the dynamics of discrete and often quite dissimilar community types. We present simple models and a case study (tailored to pond ecosystems), to explore how interactions within larval habitats can indirectly impact ecological interactions in adult habitats. Using our case study as a springboard, we propose that cohorts of predators emerging from natal habitats (e.g. ponds) cast 'predation shadows' on the surrounding adult (e.g. terrestrial) landscape. Trophic interactions within ponds, and the distribution of ponds on the landscape, can thus affect the spatial pattern in the strength of these predation shadows, creating strong spatial patterning in terrestrial trophic cascades. Our findings emphasize the importance of organisms with complex life histories as generators of strong links across ecosystem boundaries, and as potential sources of spatial variation in the strength and indirect impacts of interspecific interactions.