Working memory load disrupts gaze-cued orienting of attention.
Working memory load disrupts gaze-cued orienting of attention.
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DOI：
10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01258
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Langton SR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bobak AK;Langton SR
大量研究表明，感知到的目光转移会导致观看者的空间注意力向所看到的目光方向发生转移。一个有争议的问题是，这种凝视暗示的定向效应在多大程度上是刺激驱动的，或者是在一定程度上受到自上而下的控制。在两个实验中，我们表明凝视提示定向效应会被并发任务破坏，该并发任务已被证明对执行资源提出了很高的要求：随机数生成（RNG）。在实验1中，参与者能够更快地找到出现在凝视提示位置的目标，相对于出现在与凝视移动指示的位置相反的位置的目标，同时连续按顺序大声背诵数字1-9；然而，当参与者以随机顺序连续背诵相同的数字时，这种凝视暗示效应就被消除了。在实验 2 中，参与者进行了快速的字母识别反应，RNG 还被发现会干扰凝视提示定向。总之，这些数据表明凝视提示定向实际上受到自上而下的控制。我们认为，自上而下的信号维持了一个目标，即根据凝视来转移注意力，这样，当它们被感知时，通常就会发生定向；然而，当工作记忆中同时存在多个并发的、相互竞争的目标时，目标并不总是能够维持。
A large body of work has shown that a perceived gaze shift produces a shift in a viewer’s spatial attention in the direction of the seen gaze. A controversial issue surrounds the extent to which this gaze-cued orienting effect is stimulus-driven, or is under a degree of top-down control. In two experiments we show that the gaze-cued orienting effect is disrupted by a concurrent task that has been shown to place high demands on executive resources: random number generation (RNG). In Experiment 1 participants were faster to locate targets that appeared in gaze-cued locations relative to targets that appeared in locations opposite to those indicated by the gaze shifts, while simultaneously and continuously reciting aloud the digits 1–9 in order; however, this gaze-cueing effect was eliminated when participants continuously recited the same digits in a random order. RNG was also found to interfere with gaze-cued orienting in Experiment 2 where participants performed a speeded letter identification response. Together, these data suggest that gaze-cued orienting is actually under top-down control. We argue that top-down signals sustain a goal to shift attention in response to gazes, such that orienting ordinarily occurs when they are perceived; however, the goal cannot always be maintained when concurrent, multiple, competing goals are simultaneously active in working memory.