Low frequency of Lynch syndrome among young patients with non-familial colorectal cancer.

Low frequency of Lynch syndrome among young patients with non-familial colorectal cancer.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.cgh.2010.06.030
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发表时间:
2010-11
影响因子:
12.6
通讯作者:
Boland, C. Richard
Boland, C. Richard
中科院分区:
医学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Goel, Ajay;Nagasaka, Takeshi;Spiegel, Jennifer;Meyer, Richard;Lichliter, Warren E.;Boland, C. Richard

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结直肠癌 (CRC) 在 50 岁以下的个体中并不常见。林奇综合征是由 DNA 错配修复 (MMR) 基因种系突变引起的,与早发性 CRC 相关,但对于患有明显散发性 CRC 的年轻患者实际上患有林奇综合征的比例知之甚少。我们检查了 50 岁以下非家族性 CRC 患者(多名家庭成员患有 CRC 的患者)的微卫星不稳定性 (MSI) 模式和 MMR 基因表达。从 75 名 <50 岁(平均年龄 = 34.5 岁)的 CRC 患者中收集肿瘤组织和匹配的正常组织,并使用 MLH1、MSH2、MSH6 和 PMS2 的免疫组织化学分析进行分析。还分析了 MSI 以及 BRAF 和 KRAS 的突变。大多数癌症(72%)发生在远端结肠。 21% 的样本中检测到 MSI,21% 的样本中观察到一种或多种 MMR 蛋白丢失。有趣的是,只有 38% 的 MMR 缺陷 CRC 丢失了 MLH1 或 MSH2,而 63% 的 MMR 缺陷 CRC 样本丢失了 PMS2 或 MSH6。所有 11 个丢失 MSH2、MLH1 或 PMS2 的 CRC 样本均具有 MSI,但仅丢失 MSH6 的 5 个肿瘤中只有 2 个具有 MSI。任何肿瘤中均未发现 BRAF 突变。在患有明显散发性结直肠癌的年轻患者中,大多数肿瘤发生在远端结肠;只有 21% 的人具有林奇综合症的特征。 13.3% 的肿瘤发生 MSH6 或 PMS2 缺失。大多数丢失 MSH6 的肿瘤在 MSI 筛查中不会被检测到; CRC 筛查可能会进行修改,以识别更多林奇综合征患者。
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is uncommon in individuals <50 years old. Lynch Syndrome is caused by germline mutations in DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes and associated with early-onset CRC, but little is known about the proportion of young patients with apparently sporadic CRC who actually have Lynch Syndrome. We examined patterns of microsatellite instability (MSI) and expression of MMR genes among patients <50 years old with non-familial CRC (patients with more than family member with CRC). Neoplastic and matched normal tissues were collected from 75 CRC patients <50 years old (mean age=34.5 years) and analyzed using immunohistochemical analyses of MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2. MSI and mutations in BRAF and KRAS were also analyzed. Most cancers (72%) arose in the distal colon. MSI was detected in 21% of the samples and loss of one or more MMR proteins was observed in 21%. Interestingly, only 38% of the MMR-deficient CRCs lost either MLH1 or MSH2, whereas 63% of the MMR-deficient CRC samples lost either PMS2 or MSH6. All 11 CRC samples that had lost MSH2, MLH1, or PMS2 had MSI, but only 2 of the 5 tumors that lost only MSH6 had MSI. There were no BRAF mutations in any tumor. In young patients with apparently sporadic CRC, most tumors arise in the distal colon; only 21% have features of Lynch Syndrome. Loss of MSH6 or PMS2 occurred in 13.3% of these tumors. Most tumors that lose MSH6 will not be detected in screens for MSI; CRC screening might be modified to identify more patients with Lynch Syndrome.
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