Nitrate-nitrite-nitrosamines exposure and the risk of type 1 diabetes: A review of current data.
Nitrate-nitrite-nitrosamines exposure and the risk of type 1 diabetes: A review of current data.
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DOI：
10.4239/wjd.v7.i18.433
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发表时间：
2016-10-15
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Hadaegh F
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bahadoran Z;Ghasemi A;Mirmiran P;Azizi F;Hadaegh F
硝酸盐-亚硝酸盐-亚硝胺对胰岛β细胞的潜在毒性作用在过去的二十年里一直是一个有争议的问题。在这项研究中，我们回顾了流行病学研究调查硝酸盐-亚硝酸盐-亚硝胺暴露之间的关联，从饮食和饮用水，以确定这些化合物是否可能有助于1型糖尿病的发展。为了识别相关研究，使用包括关键词“硝酸盐”、“亚硝酸盐”、“亚硝胺”和“1型糖尿病”或“胰岛素依赖型糖尿病”的查询，对PubMed、Scopus和Science Direct进行了系统检索。所有检索均限于以英文发表的研究。调查、病例对照和队列研究表明，饮用水中硝酸盐-亚硝酸盐暴露与1型糖尿病风险之间存在相互矛盾的结果。在饮用水中平均硝酸盐水平< 25 mg/L的地区，主要报告了零，有时甚至是负相关，而在最大硝酸盐水平> 40-80 mg/L的地区观察到1型糖尿病的风险增加。关于饮用水中亚硝酸盐的潜在致糖尿病效应的数据有限，尽管有证据表明膳食亚硝酸盐可能是1型糖尿病发展的风险因素，但在硝酸盐/亚硝酸盐的可接受限度的较高范围内，这种效应似乎是显着的。目前关于饮食暴露亚硝胺和1型糖尿病发展的数据也不一致。考虑到1型糖尿病（T1 DM）沿着硝酸盐-亚硝酸盐暴露升高的趋势，进一步研究对于阐明硝酸盐-亚硝酸盐-亚硝胺暴露对β细胞自身免疫和T1 DM风险的潜在有害影响至关重要。
The potential toxic effects of nitrate-nitrite-nitrosamine on pancreatic β cell have remained a controversial issue over the past two decades. In this study, we reviewed epidemiological studies investigated the associations between nitrate-nitrite-nitrosamines exposure, from both diet and drinking water to ascertain whether these compounds may contribute to development of type 1 diabetes. To identify relevant studies, a systematic search strategy of PubMed, Scopus, and Science Direct was conducted using queries including the key words “nitrate”, “nitrite”, “nitrosamine” with “type 1 diabetes” or “insulin dependent diabetes mellitus”. All searches were limited to studies published in English. Ecologic surveys, case-control and cohort studies have indicated conflicting results in relation to nitrate-nitrite exposure from drinking water and the risk of type 1 diabetes. A null, sometimes even negative association has been mainly reported in regions with a mean nitrate levels < 25 mg/L in drinking water, while increased risk of type 1 diabetes was observed in those with a maximum nitrate levels > 40-80 mg/L. Limited data are available regarding the potential diabetogenic effect of nitrite from drinking water, although there is evidence indicating dietary nitrite could be a risk factor for development of type 1 diabetes, an effect however that seems to be significant in a higher range of acceptable limit for nitrate/nitrite. Current data regarding dietary exposure of nitrosamine and development of type 1 diabetes is also inconsistent. Considering to an increasing trend of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) along with an elevated nitrate-nitrite exposure, additional research is critical to clarify potential harmful effects of nitrate-nitrite-nitrosamine exposure on β-cell autoimmunity and the risk of T1DM.