INVOLUNTARY SELF‐EXPRESSION IN GAIT AND OTHER MOVEMENTS: AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY
INVOLUNTARY SELF‐EXPRESSION IN GAIT AND OTHER MOVEMENTS: AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY
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步态和其他运动中的无意识自我表达：一项实验研究
DOI：
10.1111/j.1467-6494.1935.tb02014.x
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发表时间：
1935
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
W. Wolff
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
W. Wolff
虽然文学作品中对人的面部、头骨形状、双手、声音、步态、笔迹等表现形式的描述多种多样，不断增长，方法处于高度不加批判和混乱的状态。有些研究这个相当晦涩的学科的学生声称，任何个人的表达都只能凭直觉来理解或理解，也就是说，通过感觉，通过同情;这样的理解是相当主观的，不能被分析，并且仅限于敏感的观察者。其他人已经经验性地处理了这个问题，试图将整个表达分成它的组成部分，并在这些元素和某些性格特征之间建立明确的相关性。通过这种方式，完整的系统的面相，手相术等，一个人谈到聪明的额头，霸气的鼻子，精力充沛的下巴，顽固的拇指，等等。但人们很快就注意到，这些发现很少是正确的，额头高的人有时智力一般，甚至更低，下巴突出的人缺乏活力，等等。
Although the literature on the various forms of expression as shown in a person's face, shape of skull, hands, voice, gait, handwriting, etc., is constantly grovi^ ing, the approach is in a highly uncritical and chaotic state. Some students of this rather obscure subject claim that any individual expression can be comprehended or understood only intuitively, that is to say, through feeling in, through sympathy; such understanding being rather subjective, incapable of being analyzed, and confined to sensitive observers only.Others have approached this problem empirically, tried to split the total expression into its component parts, and to establish definite correlations between these elements and certain character traits. In this-way complete systems of physiognomies, chiromancy, etc., were evolved, and one spoke of a clever forehead, a domineering nose, an energetic chin, an obstinate thumb, and the like. But it was soon noticed that these findings are seldom correct, that people with a high forehead are sometimes of average or even inferior intelligence, that people with a protruding chin lack in energy, and so on.