HIV-1 functional cure: will the dream come true?
HIV-1 functional cure: will the dream come true?
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HIV-1功能性治愈：梦想会实现吗？
DOI：
10.1186/s12916-015-0517-y
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发表时间：
2015-11-20
期刊：
影响因子：
9.3
通讯作者：
Zhang H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Liu C;Ma X;Liu B;Chen C;Zhang H
人类免疫缺陷病毒1型(HIV-1)是携带有复制能力的病毒的潜伏感染细胞的长期池，是治愈获得性免疫缺陷综合征(AIDS)的主要障碍。虽然联合抗逆转录病毒疗法(CART)可以成功抑制HIV-1病毒血症，并显著延缓疾病的进展，但它不能消除病毒库，患者必须终身继续服用抗病毒药物。目前，“柏林病人”、“波士顿病人”和“密西西比婴儿”的出现激发了许多旨在治愈HIV-1的治疗策略的灵感。然而，具体消除病毒潜伏期以及恢复和优化针对艾滋病毒-1的免疫监测是实现这一治愈方法的主要挑战。在这里，我们总结了最近关于病毒潜伏机制的研究，并定义了两种类型的病毒库：浅病毒库和深病毒库。我们还介绍了HIV-1功能性治疗发展的当前战略和最新进展，重点是完全/部分替代免疫系统、‘休克和杀死’和‘永久沉默’方法。
The reservoir of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), a long-lived pool of latently infected cells harboring replication-competent viruses, is the major obstacle to curing acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Although the combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) can successfully suppress HIV-1 viremia and significantly delay the progression of the disease, it cannot eliminate the viral reservoir and the patient must continue to take anti-viral medicines for life. Currently, the appearance of the ‘Berlin patient’, the ‘Boston patients’, and the ‘Mississippi baby’ have inspired many therapeutic strategies for HIV-1 aimed at curing efforts. However, the specific eradication of viral latency and the recovery and optimization of the HIV-1-specific immune surveillance are major challenges to achieving such a cure. Here, we summarize recent studies addressing the mechanisms underlying the viral latency and define two categories of viral reservoir: ‘shallow’ and ‘deep’. We also present the current strategies and recent advances in the development of a functional cure for HIV-1, focusing on full/partial replacement of the immune system, ‘shock and kill’, and ‘permanent silencing’ approaches.