A cross-continental comparison of plant and beetle responses to retention of forest patches during timber harvest
A cross-continental comparison of plant and beetle responses to retention of forest patches during timber harvest
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DOI：
10.1002/eap.1406
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发表时间：
2016-12-01
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Strengbom, Joachim
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Baker, Susan C.;Halpern, Charles B.;Strengbom, Joachim
木材采伐可对森林生物群产生不利影响。最近的研究和应用表明，与皆伐相比，保留成熟的森林要素（保留林业），包括在较大的采伐单位内未采伐的斑块（或聚集体），可以使生物多样性受益。然而，目前还不清楚这些好处是否可以推广到不同的类群和生物群落中，保留林业的做法。在对木材采伐和边缘形成的反应进行取样和分析的方法方面缺乏可比性，这对综合提出了挑战。我们使用了一致的方法（类似间隔的地块或陷阱沿着横断面）调查维管植物和地面活动的甲虫聚集保留在每个复制网站在三大洲的四个温带和寒带森林类型：道格拉斯冷杉林在华盛顿，美国;白杨林在明尼苏达州，美国;云杉林在瑞典;和潮湿的桉树林在澳大利亚塔斯马尼亚州。我们评估了（1）成熟（完整）和再生（先前采伐）森林之间的局部（地块尺度）物种丰富度和组成的差异;（2）聚集体的救生功能（保留未采伐森林物种的能力）;以及完整森林和聚集体（3）是否容易受到边缘效应的影响和（4）影响相邻的再生森林。完整的和收获的森林不同的组成，但丰富的植物和甲虫。这种差异的幅度一般是类似的区域之间，但有相当大的异质性的组成内和之间的复制网站。收获单位内的聚集体是有效的植物和甲虫社区的救生艇。边缘效应是罕见的，即使在聚集。相比之下，森林对邻近采伐区的影响是常见的，并为完整的森林较大的块集一样强大。我们的研究结果提供了强有力的支持，广泛应用的聚集保留在北方和温带森林。在世界上四个非常不同的地区的模式的一致性表明，对森林植物和甲虫，聚集保留的反应可能会更广泛地适用。我们的研究结果表明，通过战略布局的聚集，它是可能的，以保持自然的异质性和生物多样性的成熟森林管理的多个目标。
Timber harvest can adversely affect forest biota. Recent research and application suggest that retention of mature forest elements (retention forestry), including unharvested patches (or aggregates) within larger harvested units, can benefit biodiversity compared to clearcutting. However, it is unclear whether these benefits can be generalized among the diverse taxa and biomes in which retention forestry is practiced. Lack of comparability in methods for sampling and analyzing responses to timber harvest and edge creation presents a challenge to synthesis. We used a consistent methodology (similarly spaced plots or traps along transects) to investigate responses of vascular plants and ground-active beetles to aggregated retention at replicate sites in each of four temperate and boreal forest types on three continents: Douglas-fir forests in Washington, USA; aspen forests in Minnesota, USA; spruce forests in Sweden; and wet eucalypt forests in Tasmania, Australia. We assessed (1) differences in local (plot-scale) species richness and composition between mature (intact) and regenerating (previously harvested) forest; (2) the lifeboating function of aggregates (capacity to retain species of unharvested forest); and whether intact forests and aggregates (3) are susceptible to edge effects and (4) influence the adjacent regenerating forest. Intact and harvested forests differed in composition but not richness of plants and beetles. The magnitude of this difference was generally similar among regions, but there was considerable heterogeneity of composition within and among replicate sites. Aggregates within harvest units were effective at lifeboating for both plant and beetle communities. Edge effects were uncommon even within the aggregates. In contrast, effects of forest influence on adjacent harvested areas were common and as strong for aggregates as for larger blocks of intact forest. Our results provide strong support for the widespread application of aggregated retention in boreal and temperate forests. The consistency of pattern in four very different regions of the world suggests that, for forest plants and beetles, responses to aggregated retention are likely to apply more widely. Our results suggest that through strategic placement of aggregates, it is possible to maintain the natural heterogeneity and biodiversity of mature forests managed for multiple objectives.