Chronic bullying victimization across school transitions: the role of genetic and environmental influences.
Chronic bullying victimization across school transitions: the role of genetic and environmental influences.
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跨学校过渡的慢性欺凌受害：遗传和环境影响的作用。
DOI：
10.1017/s0954579412001095
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发表时间：
2013-05
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Arseneault L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bowes L;Maughan B;Ball H;Shakoor S;Ouellet-Morin I;Caspi A;Moffitt TE;Arseneault L
我们调查的前因和长期受害的欺负者在学校过渡的后果，使用遗传敏感的纵向设计。数据来自环境风险纵向双胞胎研究（E-Risk），这是一项由2，232名儿童组成的流行病学队列。我们使用了母亲和儿童在小学和中学早期遭受欺凌的报告。在这两个时间点经历频繁受害的儿童被归类为“慢性受害者”，并且发现与仅在小学被欺负的儿童，中学第一次被欺负的儿童以及从未被欺负的儿童相比，精神健康问题和学业困难的风险增加。生物统计学分析表明，在此期间，受害的稳定性主要受到遗传和共同环境因素的影响。回归分析表明，儿童的早期特征，如预先存在的调整困难和智商预测慢性与短暂的受害。慢性受害的家庭危险因素包括社会经济地位不利，低产妇温暖，虐待。我们的研究结果表明，欺凌干预计划应考虑受害者的行为和家庭背景的作用，增加脆弱性的慢性受害。我们的研究强调了扩大反欺凌干预措施的重要性，包括家庭，以减少儿童进入慢性受害途径的可能性。
We investigated the antecedents and consequences of chronic victimization by bullies across a school transition using a genetically sensitive longitudinal design. Data were from the Environmental Risk Longitudinal Twin Study (E-Risk), an epidemiological cohort of 2,232 children. We used mothers’ and children’s reports of bullying victimization during primary school and early secondary school. Children who experienced frequent victimization at both time points were classed as “chronic victims” and were found to have an increased risk for mental health problems and academic difficulties compared to children who were bullied only in primary school, children bullied for the first time in secondary school, and never-bullied children. Biometric analyses revealed that stability in victimization over this period was influenced primarily by genetic and shared environmental factors. Regression analyses showed that children’s early characteristics such as preexistent adjustment difficulties and IQ predicted chronic versus transitory victimization. Family risk factors for chronic victimization included socioeconomic disadvantage, low maternal warmth, and maltreatment. Our results suggest that bullying intervention programs should consider the role of the victims’ behaviors and family background in increasing vulnerability to chronic victimization. Our study highlights the importance of widening antibullying interventions to include families to reduce the likelihood of children entering a pathway toward chronic victimization.