Structural Racism and the COVID-19 Experience in the United States
Structural Racism and the COVID-19 Experience in the United States
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DOI：
10.1089/hs.2021.0031
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发表时间：
2021-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Shanahan, Elizabeth A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dickinson, Katherine L.;Roberts, Jennifer D.;Shanahan, Elizabeth A.
将公共卫生结果中的种族差异归因于生物学上的劣势或糟糕的决策能力，这一历史悠久而又谬误的历史，在当代关于新冠肺炎大流行的对话中依然存在。鉴于这场流行病对有色人种社区的不成比例影响，学者、从业者和政策制定者必须关注结构性种族主义如何推动这些不同的结果。2020年5月和6月，我们进行了一项为期6个州的在线调查，以考察种族/民族在接触新冠肺炎、风险缓解行为、风险认知和新冠肺炎影响方面的差异。结果显示，黑人和西班牙裔受访者比白人受访者更有可能经历与结构性种族主义相关的因素(例如，生活在大家庭中，亲自工作，使用公共交通工具)，这些因素本身就会增加接触新冠肺炎的可能性。在控制了其他人口统计和社会经济特征后，非白人受访者采取新冠肺炎防护措施的可能性与白人受访者相同或更高，包括与他人保持距离和戴口罩。黑人和西班牙裔受访者也认为死于这种疾病和由于疫情而耗尽钱财的风险更高，40%的黑人受访者报告说，在美国死亡人数刚刚超过10万人的时候，他们知道有人死于新冠肺炎。为了管理当前的流行病，并准备以有效、公平和反种族主义的方式应对未来的卫生危机，必须理解新冠肺炎经验中持久存在种族不平等的结构性因素。
The long, fallacious history of attributing racial disparities in public health outcomes to biological inferiority or poor decision making persists in contemporary conversations about the COVID-19 pandemic. Given the disproportionate impacts of this pandemic on communities of color, it is essential for scholars, practitioners, and policymakers to focus on how structural racism drives these disparate outcomes. In May and June 2020, we conducted a 6-state online survey to examine racial/ethnic differences in exposure to COVID-19, risk mitigation behaviors, risk perceptions, and COVID-19 impacts. Results show that Black and Hispanic individuals were more likely than White respondents to experience factors associated with structural racism (eg, living in larger households, going to work in person, using public transportation) that, by their very nature, increase the likelihood of exposure to COVID-19. Controlling for other demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, non-White respondents were equally or more likely than White respondents to take protective actions against COVID-19, including keeping distance from others and wearing masks. Black and Hispanic respondents also perceived higher risks of dying of the disease and of running out of money due to the pandemic, and 40% of Black respondents reported knowing someone who had died of COVID-19 at a time when the US death toll had just surpassed 100,000 people. To manage the current pandemic and prepare to combat future health crises in an effective, equitable, and antiracist manner, it is imperative to understand the structural factors perpetuating racial inequalities in the COVID-19 experience.