A “Labour War” in South Africa: the 1922 Rand Revolution in Sylvia Pankhurst’s Workers’ Dreadnought
A “Labour War” in South Africa: the 1922 Rand Revolution in Sylvia Pankhurst’s Workers’ Dreadnought
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南非的“劳工战争”：西尔维娅·潘克赫斯特的工人无畏舰上的 1922 年兰德革命
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发表时间：
2016
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通讯作者：
Yann Béliard
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作者：
Yann Béliard
摘要本文讨论了南非历史上被称为1922年“兰德革命”的一段插曲。这次罢工有2.5万名白人矿工参加，他们反对取消“色条”，但最终被一场导致200人死亡的军事行动所粉碎。尽管有大量关于这些事件的出版物，但英国大都会劳工媒体对这些事件的报道却很少。为了对这一崛起有新的了解，这项研究集中在西尔维娅·潘克赫斯特(Sylvia Pankhurst)在1917年至1924年编辑的《工人无畏》一案上。这份周刊在伦敦印刷，但在帝国各地发行，尤其是在南非联邦，由于其众多的记者“现场”，它能够为读者提供关于叛乱的广泛信息，而且往往是挑衅性的信息。它对起义的表现有三个主要特点：它促进矿工中的白人和黑人团结，怀疑南非民族主义者是斗争中的盟友，并谴责南非工党和南非工业联合会是煽动者和分裂者。然而，该杂志捍卫的最初和勇敢的愿景对斗争的方向影响非常有限，因为自治领的无畏同情者只形成了一个小团体，在一个本身处于边缘地位的共产党的外围。
Abstract This article discusses an episode in South African history remembered as the 1922 “Rand Revolution”. The strike, involving 25,000 white miners opposed to the removal of the “colour bar”, was eventually crushed by a military operation in which 200 people were killed. Though there has been a wealth of publications on the events, little has been written on their coverage in the British metropolitan labour press. To shed new light on the rising, this study concentrates on the case of the Workers’ Dreadnought, the paper edited by Sylvia Pankhurst from 1917 to 1924. The weekly, printed in London but circulated around the Empire and notably in the Union of South Africa, was able, thanks to its numerous correspondents “on the spot”, to provide its readers with extensive, and often provocative, information about the rebellion. Its representation of the revolt was characterised by three major features: its promotion of white–black solidarity among miners, its suspicion towards Afrikaner nationalists as allies in the struggle, and its denunciation of the South African Labour Party and South African Industrial Federation as temporisers and dividers. However, the original and courageous vision defended by the periodical had a very limited impact on the direction of the struggle, as the Dreadnought sympathisers in the Dominion formed only a small group, on the outskirts of a Communist Party that was itself marginal.