Sleep-disordered breathing and cognitive functioning in preschool children with and without Down syndrome
Sleep-disordered breathing and cognitive functioning in preschool children with and without Down syndrome
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DOI：
10.1111/jir.12387
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发表时间：
2017-08-01
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Dimitriou, D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Joyce, A.;Dimitriou, D.
背景睡眠影响儿童的认知发展、上学准备和未来的学业成绩。患有唐氏综合症（DS）的人特别容易发生睡眠呼吸障碍（SDB）。据我们所知，SDB和认知之间的关联在学龄前儿童与DS是unknown.Methods我们评估睡眠使用心肺多导睡眠图在22个典型的发展（TD）学龄前儿童和22与DS。认知能力采用马伦早期学习量表进行评估，行为能力采用优势和困难问卷（SDQ）进行评估。麦克阿瑟沟通发展量表（MCDI）测量语言水平。我们预测，睡眠问题将与较低的认知和行为functions.Results在TD儿童，较长的睡眠时间与较高的分数MCDI表达语言和较少的情绪症状，如恐惧和不快乐的SDQ，而SDB与行为问题增加，少亲社会行为的SDQ。相反，与DS的儿童，SDB与增加语言理解和使用的动作和手势的MCDI.Conclusions TD组的研究结果支持我们的假设。我们建议对睡眠问题进行筛查和治疗，因为即使是轻微的SDB也可能导致认知和行为变差。对于患有DS的儿童，我们预计这种复杂综合征中的多种因素掩盖或介导了睡眠与认知发展之间的关联，并且需要更严格的控制来揭示睡眠的影响。我们建议纵向研究作为一个必要的工具来评估睡眠对认知发展的确切影响，在考虑DS的个体差异。
Background Sleep affects children's cognitive development, preparedness for school and future academic outcomes. People with Down syndrome (DS) are particularly at risk for sleep-disordered breathing (SDB). To our knowledge, the association between SDB and cognition in preschoolers with DS is unknown.Methods We assessed sleep by using cardiorespiratory polygraphy in 22 typically developing (TD) preschoolers and 22 with DS. Cognition was assessed by using the Mullen Scales of Early Learning and behaviour by using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). The MacArthur Communicative Development Inventory (MCDI) measured language level. We predicted that sleep problems would be associated with lower cognitive and behavioural functioning.Results In TD children, longer sleep duration was associated with higher scores on MCDI expressive language and fewer emotional symptoms such as fear and unhappiness on the SDQ, whilst SDB was associated with increased conduct problems and less prosocial behaviour on the SDQ. Conversely, for children with DS, SDB was associated with increased language understanding and use of actions and gestures on the MCDI.Conclusions The findings in the TD group support our hypotheses. We recommend that sleep problems are screened for and treated as even mild SDB may prompt poorer cognition and behaviour. For children with DS, we expect that multiple factors in this complex syndrome mask or mediate the association between sleep and cognitive development and tighter controls are necessary to uncover effects of sleep. We propose longitudinal studies as a necessary tool to assess the precise impact of sleep on cognitive development in accounting for individual differences in DS.