Climate change and outbreaks of the geometrids Operophtera brumata and Epirrita autumnata in subarctic birch forest:: evidence of a recent outbreak range expansion
Climate change and outbreaks of the geometrids Operophtera brumata and Epirrita autumnata in subarctic birch forest:: evidence of a recent outbreak range expansion
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-2656.2007.01339.x
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发表时间：
2008-03-01
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Yoccoz, Nigel G.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jepsen, Jane U.;Hagen, Snorre B.;Yoccoz, Nigel G.
1.许多昆虫物种，包括一些重要的森林害虫，都记录了最近气候变暖所介导的范围扩大。然而，气候变化是否也会影响森林害虫的爆发动力学，从而影响爆发的生态和经济后果，在很大程度上尚未解决。使用历史爆发记录，涵盖了世纪，我们记录了最近爆发范围扩大的两种循环尺蠖蛾，Operophtera brumata Bkh。（冬蛾）和秋蛾Epirrita autumnata L.（秋蛾），在亚北极桦树林的北方芬诺斯堪迪亚。这两个物种在耐寒性方面存在差异，并且在最近的爆发范围扩展中表现出明显不同的模式。结果表明，在过去的15-20年中，耐寒性较差的O。brumata已经经历了一个明显的东北扩张到以前由E。秋季爆发另一方面，秋季流行病已将其经常爆发的地区扩大到最寒冷、最具大陆性的地区。我们的研究结果支持了这一建议，即该地区最近的气候变暖是对所观察到的模式的最简洁的解释。O的存在。brumata暴发的地区以前只受到E。秋季爆发可能会增加局部爆发的有效持续时间，因此对亚北极桦树林生态系统具有深远的影响。
1. Range expansions mediated by recent climate warming have been documented for many insect species, including some important forest pests. However, whether climate change also influences the eruptive dynamics of forest pest insects, and hence the ecological and economical consequences of outbreaks, is largely unresolved.2. Using historical outbreak records covering more than a century, we document recent outbreak range expansions of two species of cyclic geometrid moth, Operophtera brumata Bkh. (winter moth) and Epirrita autumnata L. (autumnal moth), in subarctic birch forest of northern Fennoscandia. The two species differ with respect to cold tolerance, and show strikingly different patterns in their recent outbreak range expansion.3. We show that, during the past 15-20 years, the less cold-tolerant species O. brumata has experienced a pronounced north-eastern expansion into areas previously dominated by E. autumnata outbreaks. Epirrita autumnata, on the other hand, has expanded the region in which it exhibits regular outbreaks into the coldest, most continental areas. Our findings support the suggestion that recent climate warming in the region is the most parsimonious explanation for the observed patterns.4. The presence of O. brumata outbreaks in regions previously affected solely by E. autumnata outbreaks is likely to increase the effective duration of local outbreaks, and hence have profound implications for the subarctic birch forest ecosystem.