Multiwavelength follow-up of a rare IceCube neutrino multiplet
Multiwavelength follow-up of a rare IceCube neutrino multiplet
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DOI：
10.1051/0004-6361/201730620
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发表时间：
2017-02
影响因子：
6.5
通讯作者：
M. Aartsen;M. Ackermann;J. Adams;J. Aguilar;M. Ahlers;M. Ahrens;I. A. Samarai;D. Altmann;K. Andeen;T. Anderson;I. Ansseau;G. Anton;M. Archinger;C. Arguelles;J. Auffenberg;S. Axani;X. Bai;S. Barwick;V. Baum;R. Bay;J. Beatty;J. Tjus;K. Becker;S. BenZvi;D. Berley;E. Bernardini;A. Bernhard;D. Besson;G. Binder;D. Bindig;E. Blaufuss;S. Blot;C. Bohm;M. Borner;F. Bos;D. Bose;S. Boser;O. Botner;J. Braun;L. Brayeur;H. Bretz;S. Bron;A. Burgman;T. Carver;M. Casier;E. Cheung;D. Chirkin;A. Christov;K. Clark;L. Classen;S. Coenders;G. Collin;J. Conrad;D. Cowen;R. Cross;M. Day;J. De;R.E.;C. Clercq;E. del Pino Rosendo;H. Dembinski;S. Ridder;P. Desiati;K. D. Vries;G. Wasseige;M. With;T. DeYoung;V. Lorenzo;H. Dujmovic;J. Dumm;M. Dunkman;B. Eberhardt;T. Ehrhardt;B. Eichmann;P. Eller;S. Euler;P. Evenson;S. Fahey;A. Fazely;J. Feintzeig;J. Felde;K. Filimonov;C. Finley;S. Flis;C.-C. Fosig-C.;A. Franckowiak;E. Friedman;T. Fuchs;T. Gaisser;J. Gallagher;L. Gerhardt;K. Ghorbani;W. Giang;L. Gladstone;T. Glauch;T. Glusenkamp;A. Goldschmidt;J. G. Gonzalez;D. Grant;Z. Griffith;C. Haack;A. Hallgren;F. Halzen;E. Hansen;T. Hansmann;K. Hanson;D. Hebecker;D. Heereman;K. Helbing;R. Hellauer;S. Hickford;J. Hignight;G. Hill;K. Hoffman;R. Hoffmann;K. Hoshina;F. Huang;M. Huber;K. Hultqvist;S. In;A. Ishihara;E. Jacobi;G. Japaridze;M. Jeong;K. Jero;B. Jones;W. Kang;A. Kappes;T. Karg;A. Karle;U. Katz;M. Kauer;A. Keivani;J. Kelley;A. Kheirandish;J. Kim;M. Kim;T. Kintscher;J. Kiryluk;T. Kittler;S. Klein;G. Kohnen;R. Koirala;H. Kolanoski;R. Konietz;L. Kopke;C. Kopper;S. Kopper;D. Koskinen;M. Kowalski;K. Krings;M. Kroll;G. Kruckl;C. Kruger;J. Kunnen;S. Kunwar;N. Kurahashi;T. Kuwabara;A. Kyriacou;M. Labare;J. Lanfranchi;M. Larson;F. Lauber;M. Lesiak-Bzdak;M. Leuermann;L. Lu;J. Lunemann;J. Madsen;G. Maggi;K. Mahn;S. Mancina;M. Mandelartz;R. Maruyama;K. Mase;R. Maunu;F. McNally;K. Meagher;M. Medici;M. Meier;T. Menne;G. Merino;T. Meures;S. Miarecki;J. Micallef;G. Moment'e;T. Montaruli;M. Moulai;R. Nahnhauer;U. Naumann;G. Neer;H. Niederhausen;S. Nowicki;D. Nygren;A. Pollmann;A. Olivas;A. O'Murchadha;T. Palczewski;H. Pandya;D. Pankova;P. Peiffer;O. Penek;J. Pepper;C. Heros;D. Pieloth;E. Pinat;P. Price;G. Przybylski;M. Quinnan;C. Raab;L. Radel;M. Rameez;K. Rawlins;R. Reimann;B. Relethford;M. Relich;E. Resconi;W. Rhode;M. Richman;B. Riedel;S. Robertson;M. Rongen;C. Rott;T. Ruhe;D. Ryckbosch;D. Rysewyk;L. Sabbatini;S. Herrera;A. Sandrock;J. Sandroos;S. Sarkar;K. Satalecka;P. Schlunder;T. Schmidt;S. Schoenen;S. Schoneberg;L. Schumacher;D. Seckel;S. Seunarine;D. Soldin;M. Song;G. Spiczak;C. Spiering;J. Stachurska;T. Stanev;Alexander Stasik;J. Stettner;A. Steuer;T. Stezelberger;R. Stokstad;A. Stossl;R. Strom;N. Strotjohann;G. Sullivan;M. Sutherland;H. Taavola;I. Taboada;J. Tatar;F. Tenholt;S. Ter-Antonyan;A. Terliuk;G. Tevsi'c;S. Tilav;P. Toale;M. Tobin;S. Toscano;D. Tosi;M. Tselengidou;C. Tung;A. Turcati;E. Unger;M. Usner;J. Vandenbroucke;N. Eijndhoven;S. Vanheule;M. Rossem;J. Santen;M. Vehring;M. Voge;E. Vogel;M. Vraeghe;C. Walck;A. Wallace;M. Wallraff;N. Wandkowsky;A. Waza;C. Weaver;M. Weiss;C. Wendt;S. Westerhoff;B. Whelan;S. Wickmann;K. Wiebe;C. Wiebusch;L. Wille;D. Williams;L. Wills;M. Wolf;T. R. Wood;E. Woolsey;K. Woschnagg;D. Xu;X. Xu;Y. Xu;J. Yáñez;G. Yodh;S. Yoshida;M. Zoll;K. Stanek;B. Shappee;C. Kochanek;T. Holoien;J. Prieto;D. Fox;J. DeLaunay;C. Turley;S. Barthelmy;A. Lien;P. M'esz'aros;K. Murase;D. Kocevski;R. Buehler;M. Giomi;J. Racusin;A. Albert;R. Alfaro;C. Álvarez;J. Álvarez;R. Arceo;J. C. Arteaga-Vel'azquez;H. A. A. Solares-H.-A.-A.-Solares-2301014631;A. Barber;N. B. A. Becerril;E. Belmont-Moreno;A. Bernal;C. Brisbois;K. Caballero-Mora;T. Capistr'an;A. Carramiñana;S. Casanova;M. Castillo;U. Cotti;S. C. D. Le'on;E. D. L. Fuente;C. D. Le'on;R. Hernández;J. C. D'iaz-V'elez;B. Dingus;M. DuVernois;R. Ellsworth;K. Engel;D. Fiorino;N. Fraija;J. Garc'ia-Gonz'alez;M. Gerhardt;A. G. Muñoz;M. Gonz'alez;J. Goodman;Z. Hampel-Arias;J. P. Harding;S. Hernández;C. Hui;P. Huntemeyer;A. Iriarte;A. Jardin-Blicq;V. Joshi;S. Kaufmann;A. Lara;R. Lauer;W. Lee;D. Lennarz;H. L. Vargas;J. Linnemann;G. Raya;R. Luna-Garc'ia;R. L'opez-Coto;K. Malone;S. Marinelli;O. Martinez;I. Martinez-Castellanos;J. Mart'inez-Castro;H. Mart'inez-Huerta;J. Matthews;P. Miranda-Romagnoli;E. Moreno;M. Mostaf'a;L. Nellen;M. Newbold;M. Nisa;R. Noriega-Papaqui;R. Pelayo;J. Pretz;E. G. P'erez-P'erez-E.-G.-P'erez-P'erez-1382196238;Z. Ren;C. Rho;C. Rivière;D. Rosa-Gonz'alez;M. Rosenberg;F. Greus;A. Sandoval;M. Schneider;H. Schoorlemmer;G. Sinnis;A. Smith;R. Springer;P. Surajbali;O. Tibolla;K. Tollefson;I. Torres;T. Ukwatta;L. Villaseñor;T. Weisgarber;I. Wisher;J. Wood;T. Yapici;A. Zepeda;H. Zhou;I. Arcavi;G. Hosseinzadeh;D. Howell;S. Valenti;C. McCully;V. Lipunov;E. Gorbovskoy;N. Tiurina;P. Balanutsa;A. Kuznetsov;V. Kornilov;V. Chazov;N. Budnev;O. Gress;K. Ivanov;A. Tlatov;R. Lopez;M. Serra-Ricart;P. Evans;J. Kennea;N. Gehrels;J. Osborne;K. Page;A. Abeysekara;A. Archer;W. Benbow;R. Bird;T. Brantseg;V. Bugaev;J. Cardenzana;M. Connolly;W. Cui;A. Falcone;Q. Feng;J. Finley;H. Fleischhack;L. Fortson;A. Furniss;S. Griffin;J. Grube;M. Hutten;O. Hervet;J. Holder;G. Hughes;T. Humensky;C. Johnson;P. Kaaret;P. Kar;N. Kelley-Hoskins;M. Kertzman;M. Krause;S. Kumar;M. Lang;T. T. Lin-T.;S. McArthur;P. Moriarty;R. Mukherjee;D. Nieto;R. Ong;A. Otte;M. Pohl;A. Popkow;E. Pueschel;J. Quinn;K. Ragan;P. Reynolds;G. Richards;E. Roache;C. Rulten;I. Sadeh;M. Santander;G. Sembroski;D. Staszak;S. Tr'epanier;J. Tyler;S. Wakely;A. Weinstein;P. Wilcox;A. Wilhelm;D. Williams;B. Zitzer;E. Bellm;Z. Cano;A. Gal-yam;D. A. Kann;E. Ofek;M. Rigault;M. Soumagnac
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Aartsen;M. Ackermann;J. Adams;J. Aguilar;M. Ahlers;M. Ahrens;I. A. Samarai;D. Altmann;K. Andeen;T. Anderson;I. Ansseau;G. Anton;M. Archinger;C. Arguelles;J. Auffenberg;S. Axani;X. Bai;S. Barwick;V. Baum;R. Bay;J. Beatty;J. Tjus;K. Becker;S. BenZvi;D. Berley;E. Bernardini;A. Bernhard;D. Besson;G. Binder;D. Bindig;E. Blaufuss;S. Blot;C. Bohm;M. Borner;F. Bos;D. Bose;S. Boser;O. Botner;J. Braun;L. Brayeur;H. Bretz;S. Bron;A. Burgman;T. Carver;M. Casier;E. Cheung;D. Chirkin;A. Christov;K. Clark;L. Classen;S. Coenders;G. Collin;J. Conrad;D. Cowen;R. Cross;M. Day;J. De;R.E.;C. Clercq;E. del Pino Rosendo;H. Dembinski;S. Ridder;P. Desiati;K. D. Vries;G. Wasseige;M. With;T. DeYoung;V. Lorenzo;H. Dujmovic;J. Dumm;M. Dunkman;B. Eberhardt;T. Ehrhardt;B. Eichmann;P. Eller;S. Euler;P. Evenson;S. Fahey;A. Fazely;J. Feintzeig;J. Felde;K. Filimonov;C. Finley;S. Flis;C.-C. Fosig-C.;A. Franckowiak;E. Friedman;T. Fuchs;T. Gaisser;J. Gallagher;L. Gerhardt;K. Ghorbani;W. Giang;L. Gladstone;T. Glauch;T. Glusenkamp;A. Goldschmidt;J. G. Gonzalez;D. Grant;Z. Griffith;C. Haack;A. Hallgren;F. Halzen;E. Hansen;T. Hansmann;K. Hanson;D. Hebecker;D. Heereman;K. Helbing;R. Hellauer;S. Hickford;J. Hignight;G. Hill;K. Hoffman;R. Hoffmann;K. Hoshina;F. Huang;M. Huber;K. Hultqvist;S. In;A. Ishihara;E. Jacobi;G. Japaridze;M. Jeong;K. Jero;B. Jones;W. Kang;A. Kappes;T. Karg;A. Karle;U. Katz;M. Kauer;A. Keivani;J. Kelley;A. Kheirandish;J. Kim;M. Kim;T. Kintscher;J. Kiryluk;T. Kittler;S. Klein;G. Kohnen;R. Koirala;H. Kolanoski;R. Konietz;L. Kopke;C. Kopper;S. Kopper;D. Koskinen;M. Kowalski;K. Krings;M. Kroll;G. Kruckl;C. Kruger;J. Kunnen;S. Kunwar;N. Kurahashi;T. Kuwabara;A. Kyriacou;M. Labare;J. Lanfranchi;M. Larson;F. Lauber;M. Lesiak-Bzdak;M. Leuermann;L. Lu;J. Lunemann;J. Madsen;G. Maggi;K. Mahn;S. Mancina;M. Mandelartz;R. Maruyama;K. Mase;R. Maunu;F. McNally;K. Meagher;M. Medici;M. Meier;T. Menne;G. Merino;T. Meures;S. Miarecki;J. Micallef;G. Moment'e;T. Montaruli;M. Moulai;R. Nahnhauer;U. Naumann;G. Neer;H. Niederhausen;S. Nowicki;D. Nygren;A. Pollmann;A. Olivas;A. O'Murchadha;T. Palczewski;H. Pandya;D. Pankova;P. Peiffer;O. Penek;J. Pepper;C. Heros;D. Pieloth;E. Pinat;P. Price;G. Przybylski;M. Quinnan;C. Raab;L. Radel;M. Rameez;K. Rawlins;R. Reimann;B. Relethford;M. Relich;E. Resconi;W. Rhode;M. Richman;B. Riedel;S. Robertson;M. Rongen;C. Rott;T. Ruhe;D. Ryckbosch;D. Rysewyk;L. Sabbatini;S. Herrera;A. Sandrock;J. Sandroos;S. Sarkar;K. Satalecka;P. Schlunder;T. Schmidt;S. Schoenen;S. Schoneberg;L. Schumacher;D. Seckel;S. Seunarine;D. Soldin;M. Song;G. Spiczak;C. Spiering;J. Stachurska;T. Stanev;Alexander Stasik;J. Stettner;A. Steuer;T. Stezelberger;R. Stokstad;A. Stossl;R. Strom;N. Strotjohann;G. Sullivan;M. Sutherland;H. Taavola;I. Taboada;J. Tatar;F. Tenholt;S. Ter-Antonyan;A. Terliuk;G. Tevsi'c;S. Tilav;P. Toale;M. Tobin;S. Toscano;D. Tosi;M. Tselengidou;C. Tung;A. Turcati;E. Unger;M. Usner;J. Vandenbroucke;N. Eijndhoven;S. Vanheule;M. Rossem;J. Santen;M. Vehring;M. Voge;E. Vogel;M. Vraeghe;C. Walck;A. Wallace;M. Wallraff;N. Wandkowsky;A. Waza;C. Weaver;M. Weiss;C. Wendt;S. Westerhoff;B. Whelan;S. Wickmann;K. Wiebe;C. Wiebusch;L. Wille;D. Williams;L. Wills;M. Wolf;T. R. Wood;E. Woolsey;K. Woschnagg;D. Xu;X. Xu;Y. Xu;J. Yáñez;G. Yodh;S. Yoshida;M. Zoll;K. Stanek;B. Shappee;C. Kochanek;T. Holoien;J. Prieto;D. Fox;J. DeLaunay;C. Turley;S. Barthelmy;A. Lien;P. M'esz'aros;K. Murase;D. Kocevski;R. Buehler;M. Giomi;J. Racusin;A. Albert;R. Alfaro;C. Álvarez;J. Álvarez;R. Arceo;J. C. Arteaga-Vel'azquez;H. A. A. Solares-H.-A.-A.-Solares-2301014631;A. Barber;N. B. A. Becerril;E. Belmont-Moreno;A. Bernal;C. Brisbois;K. Caballero-Mora;T. Capistr'an;A. Carramiñana;S. Casanova;M. Castillo;U. Cotti;S. C. D. Le'on;E. D. L. Fuente;C. D. Le'on;R. Hernández;J. C. D'iaz-V'elez;B. Dingus;M. DuVernois;R. Ellsworth;K. Engel;D. Fiorino;N. Fraija;J. Garc'ia-Gonz'alez;M. Gerhardt;A. G. Muñoz;M. Gonz'alez;J. Goodman;Z. Hampel-Arias;J. P. Harding;S. Hernández;C. Hui;P. Huntemeyer;A. Iriarte;A. Jardin-Blicq;V. Joshi;S. Kaufmann;A. Lara;R. Lauer;W. Lee;D. Lennarz;H. L. Vargas;J. Linnemann;G. Raya;R. Luna-Garc'ia;R. L'opez-Coto;K. Malone;S. Marinelli;O. Martinez;I. Martinez-Castellanos;J. Mart'inez-Castro;H. Mart'inez-Huerta;J. Matthews;P. Miranda-Romagnoli;E. Moreno;M. Mostaf'a;L. Nellen;M. Newbold;M. Nisa;R. Noriega-Papaqui;R. Pelayo;J. Pretz;E. G. P'erez-P'erez-E.-G.-P'erez-P'erez-1382196238;Z. Ren;C. Rho;C. Rivière;D. Rosa-Gonz'alez;M. Rosenberg;F. Greus;A. Sandoval;M. Schneider;H. Schoorlemmer;G. Sinnis;A. Smith;R. Springer;P. Surajbali;O. Tibolla;K. Tollefson;I. Torres;T. Ukwatta;L. Villaseñor;T. Weisgarber;I. Wisher;J. Wood;T. Yapici;A. Zepeda;H. Zhou;I. Arcavi;G. Hosseinzadeh;D. Howell;S. Valenti;C. McCully;V. Lipunov;E. Gorbovskoy;N. Tiurina;P. Balanutsa;A. Kuznetsov;V. Kornilov;V. Chazov;N. Budnev;O. Gress;K. Ivanov;A. Tlatov;R. Lopez;M. Serra-Ricart;P. Evans;J. Kennea;N. Gehrels;J. Osborne;K. Page;A. Abeysekara;A. Archer;W. Benbow;R. Bird;T. Brantseg;V. Bugaev;J. Cardenzana;M. Connolly;W. Cui;A. Falcone;Q. Feng;J. Finley;H. Fleischhack;L. Fortson;A. Furniss;S. Griffin;J. Grube;M. Hutten;O. Hervet;J. Holder;G. Hughes;T. Humensky;C. Johnson;P. Kaaret;P. Kar;N. Kelley-Hoskins;M. Kertzman;M. Krause;S. Kumar;M. Lang;T. T. Lin-T.;S. McArthur;P. Moriarty;R. Mukherjee;D. Nieto;R. Ong;A. Otte;M. Pohl;A. Popkow;E. Pueschel;J. Quinn;K. Ragan;P. Reynolds;G. Richards;E. Roache;C. Rulten;I. Sadeh;M. Santander;G. Sembroski;D. Staszak;S. Tr'epanier;J. Tyler;S. Wakely;A. Weinstein;P. Wilcox;A. Wilhelm;D. Williams;B. Zitzer;E. Bellm;Z. Cano;A. Gal-yam;D. A. Kann;E. Ofek;M. Rigault;M. Soumagnac
2016年2月17日，冰立方的实时中微子搜索首次发现了三个μ子中微子候选者，它们在100秒内到达彼此，与来自天空中的同一点一致。这样的三重现象预计每13.7年发生一次，这是背景事件的随机巧合。然而，考虑到后续计划的寿命，从大气背景中检测到至少一个三重态的概率为32%。随后通知了后续观测站，以寻找电磁对应物。观测是由斯威夫特的X射线望远镜、ASAS-SN、LCO和MASTER在光学波长进行的，VERITAS在甚高能伽马射线区域进行的。此外，Swift BAT在发现第一个中微子100秒后偶然观察到了该位置，并分析了费米LAT和HAWC天文台的数据。我们提出的中微子三重态的细节和后续的观察。没有可能的电磁对应物被检测到，我们讨论了这些约束的候选中微子源，如伽玛射线暴，核心坍缩超新星和活跃的星系核耀斑的影响。这项研究说明了未来后续运动的潜力和挑战。
On February 17, 2016, the IceCube real-time neutrino search identified, for the first time, three muon neutrino candidates arriving within 100 s of one another, consistent with coming from the same point in the sky. Such a triplet is expected once every 13.7 years as a random coincidence of background events. However, considering the lifetime of the follow-up program the probability of detecting at least one triplet from atmospheric background is 32%. Follow-up observatories were notified in order to search for an electromagnetic counterpart. Observations were obtained by Swift’s X-ray telescope, by ASAS-SN, LCO and MASTER at optical wavelengths, and by VERITAS in the very-high-energy gamma-ray regime. Moreover, the Swift BAT serendipitously observed the location 100 s after the first neutrino was detected, and data from the Fermi LAT and HAWC observatory were analyzed. We present details of the neutrino triplet and the follow-up observations. No likely electromagnetic counterpart was detected, and we discuss the implications of these constraints on candidate neutrino sources such as gamma-ray bursts, core-collapse supernovae and active galactic nucleus flares. This study illustrates the potential of and challenges for future follow-up campaigns.