Cradle-to-grave greenhouse gas emissions from dams in the United States of America
Cradle-to-grave greenhouse gas emissions from dams in the United States of America
复制标题
美国水坝从摇篮到坟墓的温室气体排放
DOI：
10.1016/j.rser.2018.04.014
复制
发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
15.9
通讯作者：
Mo, Weiwei
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Song, Cuihong;Gardner, Kevin H.;Klein, Sharon J.W.;Souza, Simone Pereira;Mo, Weiwei
水电传统上被认为是一种“清洁”能源，在世界许多地区都得到了大力开发。然而，最近的研究发现，在水库建设、涡轮机运行和大坝退役期间排放了大量甲烷和其他温室气体(GHGs)，这一假设正日益受到挑战。通过对现有水电生命周期评估和水库排放研究的关键回顾，我们比较了不同类型大坝在建设、运营和退役阶段的结构类型、大小、主要功能和地理位置的温室气体排放。确定了改善大坝性能和减少相关温室气体排放的方法。研究发现，有水库的大坝的温室气体排放量通常比导流坝高得多。小型流水坝的温室气体排放主要产生在建设和维护阶段，而大型水库大坝淹没生物质和沉积物中有机质的分解对温室气体排放的贡献最大。一般来说，位于北方和温带地区的水库大坝的水库排放量(3-70 g CO_2eq./kW h)比位于热带地区的大坝(8-6647 g CO_2eq./kW h)要低得多。我们的分析表明，尽管大多数水电大坝的温室气体排放量与其他类型的可再生能源(如太阳能、风能)相当，但基于热带水库的大坝产生的电力可能比基于化石的电力产生更高的排放率。
Hydropower is traditionally considered to be one type of “clean” energy, and has been heavily developed in many regions of the world. Nevertheless, this assumption is increasingly being challenged by recent findings that a large amount of methane and other greenhouse gases (GHGs) are emitted during reservoir creation, turbine operation, and dam decommissioning. Via a critical review of existing hydropower life cycle assessments and reservoir emission studies, we compared the GHG emissions of various types of dams based on their structural type, size, primary function, and geographical location during their construction, operation, and decommissioning phases. Means to improve dam performance and reduce related GHG emissions were identified. It was found that dams with reservoirs usually have much higher GHG emission rates than diversion dams. GHG emissions are mainly generated at the construction and maintenance stages for small-scale run-of-river dams, whereas decomposition of flooded biomass and organic matter in the sediment has the highest GHG emission contribution to large-scale reservoir-based dams. Generally, reservoir-based dams located in boreal and temperate regions have much lower reservoir emissions (3–70 g CO2eq./kW h) compared with dams located in tropical regions (8–6647 g CO2eq./kW h). Our analysis shows that although most hydroelectric dams have comparable GHG emissions to other types of renewable energy (e.g., solar, wind energy), electricity produced from tropical reservoir-based dams could potentially have a higher emission rate than fossil-based electricity.
登录
查看更多内容
可再生能源系统清单编制：利用水电案例研究的重要性阈值和优先影响类别的陷阱
DOI：
--
发表时间：
2015
期刊：
The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment
影响因子：
--
作者：
J. Gallagher;D. Styles;A. McNabola;A. P. Williams
通讯作者：
A. P. Williams
影响因子：
8.7
作者：
A. Pascale;T. Urmee;Andrew Moore
通讯作者：
A. Pascale;T. Urmee;Andrew Moore
影响因子：
6
作者：
Gaudard, Ludouic;Romerio, Franco
通讯作者：
Romerio, Franco
能源系统的温室气体排放、比较和概述
DOI：
--
发表时间：
2004
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
C. Bauer;Karin Treyer;T. Heck;S. Hirschberg
通讯作者：
S. Hirschberg
让绿色技术更环保：通过水电系统的生态设计实现碳节约和资源节约之间的平衡
DOI：
--
发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
J. Gallagher;D. Styles;A. McNabola;A. Williams
通讯作者：
A. Williams