Ejecta thickness and structural rim uplift measurements of Martian impact craters: Implications for the rim formation of complex impact craters

Ejecta thickness and structural rim uplift measurements of Martian impact craters: Implications for the rim formation of complex impact craters
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火星撞击坑的喷射物厚度和结构边缘隆起测量:对复杂撞击坑边缘形成的影响

DOI:
10.1002/2015je004959
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发表时间:
2016
期刊:
Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Hergarten
Hergarten
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Kenkmann;Hergarten

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简单陨石坑凸起的边缘是由于撞击前目标岩石的构造隆起和瞬态空洞外缘的近端连贯喷出物层沉积所致。考虑到陨石坑改造过程中瞬态空腔的显著加宽和喷出物厚度分布,复杂陨石坑边缘升高的原因不太明显。在复杂的陨石坑中,厚的近端喷出物在最终的陨石坑边缘沉积得很好,目标增厚应随着距离瞬态空洞边缘的增加而迅速减少。我们对10个直径8.2 - 53.0 km的复杂火星陨石坑的研究表明,最终陨石坑边缘的平均结构边缘隆起占总边缘高度的81%,而平均喷出物厚度占总边缘高度的19%。因此,构造边缘隆起似乎是形成复杂陨石坑凸起边缘总量的主导因素。为了测量修改过程中瞬态空洞的宽度以及最终陨石坑边缘与瞬态空洞之间的距离,我们构建了平衡截面恢复来估计9个复杂火星陨石坑的瞬态空洞。最终陨石坑半径约为瞬态空腔半径的1.38 ~ 1.87倍。我们认为最终火山口边缘位置的目标隆起是在挖掘阶段建立的。
The elevated rim in simple craters results from the structural uplift of preimpact target rocks and the deposition of a coherent proximal ejecta blanket at the outer edge of the transient cavity. Given the considerable, widening of the transient cavity during crater modification and ejecta thickness distributions, the cause of elevated crater rims in complex craters is less obvious. The thick, proximal ejecta in complex impact craters is deposited well inside the final crater rim and target thickening should rapidly diminish with increasing distance from the transient cavity rim. Our study of 10 complex Martian impact craters ranging from 8.2 to 53.0 km in diameter demonstrates that the mean structural rim uplift at the final crater rim makes 81% of the total rim elevation, while the mean ejecta thickness contributes 19%. Thus, the structural rim uplift seems to be the dominant factor to build up the total amount of the raised crater rim of complex craters. To measure the widening of the transient cavity during modification and the distance between the rim of the final crater and that of the transient cavity, we constructed balanced cross section restorations to estimate the transient cavity of nine complex Martian impact craters. The final crater radii are ~1.38–1.87 times the transient cavity radii. We propose that target uplift at the position of the final crater rim was established during the excavation stage.
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