Perception of the Ponzo illusion by rhesus monkeys, chimpanzees, and humans: Similarity and difference in the three primate species
Perception of the Ponzo illusion by rhesus monkeys, chimpanzees, and humans: Similarity and difference in the three primate species
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DOI：
10.3758/bf03211896
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发表时间：
1997-02-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Fujita, K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fujita, K
在实验1中，3只恒河猴和1只黑猩猩被测试了对Ponzo错觉的敏感性。受试者首先接受培训，通过触摸指定为“长”或“短”的两个选择位置中的任何一个来报告显示在计算机显示器中心的目标条的长度。当倒V形的上下文线叠加在目标条上时，当这些向上会聚的线的顶点接近目标条时，受试者倾向于更频繁地报告“长”。庞佐错觉的感知就这样被证明了。在实验2中，同样的3只恒河猴和2只新的黑猩猩使用两种类型的上下文线，提供不同的强度的线性视角进行测试。受试者表现出类似于实验1中发现的偏差，但在两种类型的背景下，两种物种之间的偏差幅度没有差异。这并不支持格雷戈里（Gregory，1963）提出的庞佐错觉的经典解释--透视理论。在实验3中，在相同的3只恒河猴和2只黑猩猩中，比较了倒V形背景和由短垂直线组成的背景之间的错觉的大小，所述短垂直线具有与前一个实验相同的间隙。虽然黑猩猩对这两种类型的刺激都表现出错觉，但猴子对后者没有表现出错觉。在实验4中，6名人类接受了类似的测试。在非人类灵长类动物中，这种错觉不受线性透视强度的影响。另一方面，人类对由垂直线组成的背景比由会聚线组成的背景表现出更大的错觉。因此，有一个很大的物种差异的影响，差距本身的庞佐错觉的大小的相似性，发现在第一次被证明是不超过表面的这种物种差异的可能来源进行了讨论。
In Experiment 1, 3 rhesus monkeys and 1 chimpanzee were tested for their susceptibility to the Ponzo illusion. The subjects were first trained to report the length of the target bar presented at the center of the computer display by touching either of the two choice locations designated as ''long'' or ''short.'' When inverted-V context Lines were superimposed on the target bar, the subjects tended to report ''long'' more often as the apex of these upward-converging lines approached the target bar. The perception of the Ponzo illusion was thus demonstrated. In Experiment 2, the same 3 rhesus monkeys and 2 new chimpanzees were tested using two types of context lines that provided different strengths of Linear perspective. The subjects showed a bias similar to that found in Experiment 1, but there was no difference in the magnitude of the bias between the two types of context in either species. This failed to support the classic account for the Ponzo illusion, the perspective theory, raised by Gregory (1963). In Experiment 3, the magnitude of the illusion was compared between the inverted-V context and the context consisting of short vertical Lines having the same gap as the former in the same 3 rhesus monkeys and 2 of the chimpanzees from the preceding experiments. While the chimpanzees showed the illusion for both types of stimuli, the monkeys showed no illusion for the latter In Experiment 4:, 6 humans were tested in a comparable procedure. As in the nonhuman primates, the illusion was unaffected by the strength of linear perspective. On the other hand, the humans showed considerably larger illusion for the context consisting of vertical lines than for contexts consisting of converging lines. Thus, there was a great species difference in the effect of the gap itself on the magnitude of the Ponzo illusion Similarity found at first turned out to be no more than superficial Possible sources of this species difference are discussed.