Water dynamics in soil-plant systems under grain farming in Northern Kazakhstan
Water dynamics in soil-plant systems under grain farming in Northern Kazakhstan
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DOI：
10.1080/00380768.2004.10408597
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发表时间：
2004-02
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Shinya Funakawa;Iwao Nakamura;K. Akshalov;T. Kosaki
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Shinya Funakawa;Iwao Nakamura;K. Akshalov;T. Kosaki
摘要从1998年秋季至2000年种植季末，连续两年对哈萨克斯坦北方旱作条件下土壤-植物生态系统的水分动态和收支进行了研究。在Shortandy的Barayev Kazakh谷物农业研究和生产中心的实验农场总共建立了12个地块，在整个期间多次测量了90 cm深度的土壤水分含量。尽管在冬季的雪管理，其中平行的雪行，以积累额外的降雪之间的行，在解冻时的土壤含水量的增加范围广泛，分别从-40至74毫米，在1999年和-6至84毫米，在2000年。土壤温度的监测表明，在休闲后的地块中，冻结的地下土层中较高的水分含量是融化缓慢的原因，导致水分从剖面上覆层渗透较慢，并通过增强蒸发和可能的地表径流造成水分流失。解冻后，土壤含水量下降，整个种植季节，除了在几个降雨事件。作物生长季节的蒸散量估计在194至259毫米之间。小麦收获期的生物量和产量与蒸散量呈线性相关，表明作物产量主要取决于有效水量。土壤初始含水量占总蒸散量的27 ~ 52%。在夏季休闲区，1999年和2000年的累积水量分别比耕作区多39 ~ 104 mm和100 ~ 119 mm。比较在种植前和种植季节在休闲和种植的地块的水收支发现，夏季休闲和积雪管理可以增加土壤含水量高达约100毫米，但积雪管理的好处，偶尔会被取消的影响，夏季休闲。考虑到夏季休耕对土壤有机质分解的可能不利影响，我们建议雪管理应该是主要的方法，而不是夏季休耕的做法，在研究的地块捕获水。应开展进一步的研究，以确定土壤和/或地形条件是否对个人的水捕获管理更有效，从经济和环境角度看是否更合适。
Abstract The water dynamics and budget in soil-plant ecosystems under dry farming in northern Kazakhstan were investigated for two consecutive years from autumn in 1998 to the end of the cropping season in 2000. In total, 12 plots were established at the experimental farm of Barayev Kazakh Research and Production Center of Grain Farming, Shortandy, and the soil moisture content up to the 90 cm depth was measured several times throughout the period. In spite of snow management during the winter time, in which parallel snow rows were developed in order to accumulate additional snowfall between the rows, the increase in the soil moisture content at the time of thawing widely ranged from -40 to 74 mm in 1999 and from -6 to 84 mm in 2000, respectively. Monitoring of the soil temperature revealed that, in the plots after fallow, a higher moisture content in the frozen subsurface soil layer was responsible for the slow thawing there, resulting in slower water percolation from the overlying layers of the profile and 0n water loss through enhanced evaporation and possible surface runoff. After thawing, the soil moisture content decreased throughout the cropping season, except during several rainfall events. The evapotranspiration was estimated to range between 194 and 259 mm during the cropping season. The bNonmass and yield of wheat at harvest time were linearly correlated with the estimated evapotranspiration, indicating that crop production here was mostly determined by the amounts of available water. The initial soil moisture content accounted for 27 to 52% of the total evapotranspiratiou. In the summer fallow plots, 39 to 104 mm more water accumulated in 1999 and 100 to 119 mm in 2000 than in the cropped plots, respectively. Comparison of the water budgets during the pre-cropping and cropping seasons in the plots under fallow and cropping revealed that both summer fallow and snow management could increase the soil moisture content up to approximately 100 mm, but that the benefit of snow management would be occasionally canceled by the effect of the summer fallow. Given the possibly adverse effects of the summer fallow on enhanced decomposition of soil organic matter, we recommend that snow management should be the main approach for capturing water in the studied plots rather than the summer fallow practice. Further studies should be carried out to determine whether soil and /or topographical conditions are more effective for individual water-capturlng management and also are more suitable from economic and environmental viewpoints.