Diets of fishes of the upper continental slope of eastern Tasmania: content, calorific values, dietary overlap and trophic relationships
Diets of fishes of the upper continental slope of eastern Tasmania: content, calorific values, dietary overlap and trophic relationships
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塔斯马尼亚东部上大陆坡鱼类的饮食：含量、热量值、饮食重叠和营养关系
DOI：
10.1007/bf00409564
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发表时间：
1987
期刊：
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
C. Bulman
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
S. Blaber;C. Bulman
根据1984年4月至1985年4月在塔斯马尼亚东部海域每两个月采集的13个月以上的样品，测定了大陆坡上部（420至550米）15种底层和中上层鱼类的食性。每个猎物项目的饮食热量的贡献进行了测定。鱼类可分为4个营养类别：中上层食鱼动物、底栖食鱼动物、底栖无脊椎动物和底栖杂食动物。各组之间的饮食重叠很低。浮游性的食鱼动物Apogonopsabulus，Trachurusdeclivis，Brama brama，Lancopuscaudatus和Macruronusnovaezelandiae主要消耗货架打破myctophidLampanyctodes heclidae;它们的饮食范围很窄，物种之间有很大的重叠。底栖鱼类Deania calcea和Genypterus blacodes都采取了更大的猎物种类，但很少有饮食重叠。以底栖无脊椎动物Coelorinchussp.为食。2和Centriscops humerosus，从底栖甲壳类和蛇类中获取大部分能量，并辅以Lampanycotodes hecerus;饮食广泛，重叠很少。在底栖杂食动物（Cyttus traversi，Coelorinchussp. 4、细齿长吻象、菱形新长吻象、鲈形螺旋蛛、细齿上腹蛛和E. lenimen），大多数饮食是广泛的，并显示出轻微的重叠。布特。齿状体动物消耗大量的Lampanyctodes hectoris以及甲壳纲动物，特别是多毛类动物、磷虾纲动物（Euphausiacea）和大西洋脓口病（Pyrosoma atlanticum）。G. blacodes，T. declivis、尾4、细齿虎舌象（Lepiorhynchus denticulatus）、齿虎舌象H. percoides、黑尾拟步行虫E. denticulatusandE. lenimen;这些变化与特定猎物物种丰度的变化有关，而不是与食性的改变有关。只有3种，尾脂鲤（Leclopus caudatus）、腔脂鲤（Coelorinchussp.）2和H. percoides，表现出显着的昼夜摄食周期。个体发育的饮食变化是明显的，在Cyttus traversi，Coelorinchussp。2、齿齿吻象Lecorhynchus denticulatus和齿吻象H.鲈横叶红萤鲈形目动物随着体型的增大逐渐从甲壳类动物变成鱼类。在物种内的大小类的饮食几乎没有重叠，除了Lamporhynchus denticulatus，它主要吃磷虾和Lampanyctodes hectoris在所有大小。除了描述的饮食和营养关系的90%的鱼类生物量，结果强调的重要性，整个鱼类群落的中层食物资源，特别是Lampanycodes hecarcus。许多底栖物种为寻找猎物进行大规模的垂直洄游，因此在将能量从中层水域输送到大陆坡底栖生物方面发挥了重要作用。
Diets of 15 species of demersal and pelagic fishes on the upper continental slope (420 to 550 m) were determined, based on samples taken every two months over 13 mo (April 1984 to April 1985) off eastern Tasmania. The calorific contribution of each prey item to the diets was determined. The fish could be divided into four trophic categories: pelagic piscivores, epibenthic piscivores, epibenthic invertebrate feeders and benthopelagic omnivores. Dietary overlap between the groups was low. The pelagic piscivoresApogonops anomalus, Trachurus declivis, Brama brama, Lepidopus caudatusandMacruronus novaezelandiaeprimarily consume the shelf-break myctophidLampanyctodes hectoris; their diet is narrow, with a large overlap between species. The epibenthic piscivoresDeania calceaandGenypterus blacodesboth take a greater variety of prey, but have little dietary overlap. The fish feeding on epibenthic invertebrates,Coelorinchussp. 2 andCentriscops humerosus, obtain most of their energy from benthic Crustacea and Ophiuroidea, supplemented withLampanyctodes hectoris; the diet is broad, with little overlap. Among the benthopelagic omnivores (Cyttus traversi, Coelorinchussp. 4,Lepidorhynchus denticulatus, Neocyttus rhomboidalis, Helicolenus percoides, Epigonus denticulatusandE. lenimen), most diets are broad and show slight overlap. All butE. denticulatusconsume significant quantities ofLampanyctodes hectorisas well as Crustacea, particularly Polychaeta, Euphausiacea andPyrosoma atlanticum. Seasonal changes in diet occurred inG. blacodes, T. declivis, Lepidopus caudatus, Coelorinchussp. 4,Lepidorhynchus denticulatus, H. percoides, E. denticulatusandE. lenimen; these were related to changes in abundance of particular prey species, not to alterations in feeding habits. Only three species,Lepidopus caudatus, Coelorinchussp. 2 andH. percoides, showed significant diel feeding periodicity. Ontogenetic dietary changes were evident inCyttus traversi, Coelorinchussp. 2,Lepidorhynchus denticulatusandH. percoides. Cyttus traversiandH. percoidesprogressively changed from crustaceans to fish as their size increased. The diets of size classes within species showed little overlap, except forLepidorhynchus denticulatus, which eats chiefly euphausiids andLampanyctodes hectorisat all sizes. In addition to describing the diets and trophic relationships of 90% of the fish biomass, the results emphasize the importance to the entire fish community of mesopelagic food resources, particularlyLampanyctodes hectoris. Many benthopelagic species undertake extensive vertical migrations in search of prey, thus playing a major role in the transport of energy from midwater regions to the benthos of the continental slope.