Callose biosynthesis in arabidopsis with a focus on pathogen response: what we have learned within the last decade
Callose biosynthesis in arabidopsis with a focus on pathogen response: what we have learned within the last decade
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DOI：
10.1093/aob/mcu120
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发表时间：
2014-10-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Voigt, Christian A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ellinger, Dorothea;Voigt, Christian A.
（1,3）- β -葡聚糖胼胝质是一种细胞壁聚合物，参与多种基本的生物过程，从植物发育到对非生物和生物胁迫的响应。尽管胼胝质在维持植物完整性和植物防御方面具有重要意义，但关于其在植物内不同作用位点的生物合成调控的知识仍然有限。中等大小的GSL（葡聚糖合成酶样）基因家族被预测编码具有特定生物学功能和亚细胞定位的胼胝质合成酶。胼胝质合成酶的磷酸化和定向易位似乎是酶调节的关键翻译后机制，而GSL基因的转录控制在应对生物或非生物胁迫时可能只有很小的功能。在植物体内不同部位的胼胝质合成中，胼胝质的形成是对病原菌攻击的反应受到了特别的关注。在这里，胼胝质沉积在质膜和细胞壁之间，作为阻止或减缓入侵病原体的物理屏障。拟南芥（Arabidopsis thaliana）不仅是研究最多的植物防御反应模型之一，而且也是病原体诱导的胼胝质的生物合成调控模型之一。胼胝质合成酶GSL5 （GLUCAN synthase - like5）已被证明与应力诱导的胼胝质沉积有关。在过去十年对胁迫诱导的胼胝质的研究中，越来越多的证据发现，在植物防御反应的多层系统中，胼胝质沉积的时间可能是最佳效果的关键参数。这个时间似乎是通过协调运输和胼胝质合酶复合物的形成来实现的。
Background (1,3)-beta-Glucan callose is a cell wall polymer that is involved in several fundamental biological processes, ranging from plant development to the response to abiotic and biotic stresses. Despite its importance in maintaining plant integrity and plant defence, knowledge about the regulation of callose biosynthesis at its diverse sites of action within the plant is still limited. The moderately sized family of GSL (GLUCAN SYNTHASE-LIKE) genes is predicted to encode callose synthases with a specific biological function and subcellular localization. Phosphorylation and directed translocation of callose synthases seem to be key post-translational mechanisms of enzymatic regulation, whereas transcriptional control of GSL genes might only have a minor function in response to biotic or abiotic stresses.Scope and Conclusions Among the different sites of callose biosynthesis within the plant, particular attention has been focused on the formation of callose in response to pathogen attack. Here, callose is deposited between the plasma membrane and the cell wall to act as a physical barrier to stop or slow invading pathogens. Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) is one of the best-studied models not only for general plant defence responses but also for the regulation of pathogen-induced callose biosynthesis. Callose synthase GSL5 (GLUCAN SYNTHASE-LIKE5) has been shown to be responsible for stress-induced callose deposition. Within the last decade of research into stress-induced callose, growing evidence has been found that the timing of callose deposition in the multilayered system of plant defence responses could be the key parameter for optimal effectiveness. This timing seems to be achieved through co-ordinated transport and formation of the callose synthase complex.