Communicating Scientific Information About Health and Environmental Risks: Problems and Opportunities from a Social and Behavioral Perspective
Communicating Scientific Information About Health and Environmental Risks: Problems and Opportunities from a Social and Behavioral Perspective
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传播有关健康和环境风险的科学信息：从社会和行为角度来看问题和机遇
DOI：
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发表时间：
1987
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
P. Slovic
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
V. Covello;D. Winterfeldt;P. Slovic
风险沟通的形式多种多样，从香烟包装和糖精瓶上的产品警告标签，到官员和公众就爱运河、艾滋病和三里岛事故等高度敏感的问题进行互动。最近的经验表明，交流有关健康和环境风险的科学信息可能非常困难，而且往往令相关人员感到沮丧。政府官员、行业高管和科学专家经常抱怨外行人不了解技术风险信息，个人和媒体的偏见和限制导致对许多风险问题的扭曲和不准确的看法。公民个人和公共团体的代表往往同样感到沮丧，他们认为政府和行业官员对他们的关切不感兴趣，不愿立即采取直接行动来解决看似简单和明显的健康和环境问题，不愿或不愿让他们参与密切影响他们生活的决策。在这种背景下，媒体往往扮演着健康和环境风险信息的传播者和翻译者的角色，但也因夸大风险和强调戏剧性而不是科学事实而受到批评。
Risk communication takes place in a variety of forms, ranging from product warning labels on cigarette packages and saccharin bottles to interactions between officials and members of the public on such highly charged issues as Love Canal, AIDS, and the accident at Three Mile Island. Recent experience has shown that communicating scientific information about health and environmental risks can be exceedingly difficult and is often frustrating to those involved. Government officials, industry executives, and scientific experts often complain that laypeople do not understand technical risk information and that individual and media biases and limitations lead to distorted and inaccurate perceptions of many risk problems. Individual citizens and representatives of public groups are often equally frustrated, perceiving government and industry officials to be uninterested in their concerns, unwilling to take immediate and direct actions to solve seemingly simple and obvious health and environmental problems, and reluctant or unwilling to allow them to participate in decisions that intimately affect their lives. In this context, the media often play the role of transmitter and translator of information about health and environmental risks, but have been criticized for exaggerating risks and emphasizing drama over scientific facts.