Radar monitoring of migrating pink-footed geese: behavioural responses to offshore wind farm development
Radar monitoring of migrating pink-footed geese: behavioural responses to offshore wind farm development
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-2664.2012.02181.x
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发表时间：
2012-10-01
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Simms, Ian C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Plonczkier, Pawel;Simms, Ian C.
近年来，在海上风能需求不断增长的背景下，人们已经做出了很多努力来确定海上风力涡轮机对鸟类造成的碰撞风险。目前，只有有限的关于候鸟在海上风电场躲避率和相关死亡率的特定物种数据存在。在一项为期4年的研究中，利用鸟类探测雷达监测了两个海上风电场在建设期间和建设后迁徙的粉足鹅的行为反应和飞行变化。雷达共记录了979只雁群在整个研究区迁徙，其中571只雁目测为粉足雁39957只。总的来说，我们计算出，在2009年和2010年的总和中，97.25%的雷达记录的鸟群迁移没有任何与建造的风电场相关的额外死亡风险。我们发现了雁避开风电场的增长趋势，并计算出，2009年和2010年加起来，预计进入风电场的292群雁中，有94.46%的雁避开了风电场。合成与应用。候鸟对海上风电场采取强烈的水平和垂直回避行为。首次记录了粉足鹅的风电场规避率，这些比率将允许对该物种和一般水禽进行更有力的影响评估。应利用遥感技术对海上风力发电场进行长期影响评估，为评估候鸟的死亡风险提供证据基础。
In the context of growing demand for offshore wind energy production in recent years, much effort has been made to determine the collision risk that offshore wind turbines pose to birds. Currently, only limited species-specific data on migrating birds' avoidance rates and associated mortality at offshore wind farms exist. During a 4-year study, bird detection radar was used to monitor behavioural responses and flight changes of migrating pink-footed geese in relation to two offshore wind farms during and after construction. Radar recorded a total of 979 goose flocks migrating through the whole study area, of which 571 were visually confirmed as 39 957 pink-footed geese Anser brachyrhynchus. Overall, we calculated that 97.25% of all flocks recorded by radar, in 2009 and 2010 combined, migrated without any risk of additional mortality associated with the constructed wind farms. We identified a growing tendency of geese to avoid the wind farms and calculated that, for 2009 and 2010 combined, avoidance was exhibited by 94.46% of the original 292 flocks predicted to enter the wind farms. Synthesis and applications. Migratory geese responded to offshore wind farms by adopting strong horizontal and vertical avoidance behaviour. For the first time, wind farm avoidance rates have been recorded for pink-footed geese, and these rates will allow more robust impact assessments to be undertaken for both this species and waterfowl in general. Remote sensing techniques should be used to undertake long-term impact assessments at offshore wind farms to provide an evidence-base for assessing the mortality risk for migratory birds.