The effect of alcohol consumption on the adolescent brain: A systematic review of MRI and fMRI studies of alcohol-using youth.
The effect of alcohol consumption on the adolescent brain: A systematic review of MRI and fMRI studies of alcohol-using youth.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.nicl.2014.06.011
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Blakemore SJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ewing SW;Sakhardande A;Blakemore SJ
很大比例的青少年饮酒，许多人从事高风险的消费模式，包括酗酒。在这里，我们系统地回顾和综合现有的经验文献，饮酒如何影响正在发育的人类大脑在酒精使用（Au）青年。对于本系统性综述，我们首先使用PubMED数据库进行文献检索，以识别Au青少年（19岁及以下）的所有可用同行评审磁共振成像（MRI）和功能磁共振成像（fMRI）研究。所有研究都是根据一套严格的标准进行筛选的，这些标准旨在限制混杂因素的影响，例如同时发生的精神疾病。21项研究（10项MRI和11项fMRI）符合纳入标准。MRI研究的综合表明，总体而言，与非Au青少年相比，Au青少年的大脑结构表现出区域差异，相关大脑区域的灰质体积较小，白色质完整性较低。就功能磁共振成像结果而言，尽管Au和非Au青年之间的任务表现相当，但Au青年表现出较低的任务相关激活和较高的任务无关激活的广泛模式。此外，在大脑结构和功能方面观察到性别差异的模式，特别是在Au女性中的影响。青春期饮酒与发育中的人类大脑结构和功能的显着差异有关。然而，这是一个新生的领域，在许多审查的研究中有几个限制因素（包括小样本量，横截面设计，存在混杂因素），这意味着结果应根据该领域的初步状态进行解释。未来的纵向和大规模研究对于复制现有的研究结果至关重要，并为酒精消费对发育中的大脑的影响提供更全面和结论性的图片。很大一部分青少年饮酒。研究表明酒精如何影响人类青少年的大脑发育。这包括对饮酒青年的MRI和fMRI研究的系统综述。在饮酒青年的大脑中观察到结构和功能的变化。
A large proportion of adolescents drink alcohol, with many engaging in high-risk patterns of consumption, including binge drinking. Here, we systematically review and synthesize the existing empirical literature on how consuming alcohol affects the developing human brain in alcohol-using (AU) youth. For this systematic review, we began by conducting a literature search using the PubMED database to identify all available peer-reviewed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies of AU adolescents (aged 19 and under). All studies were screened against a strict set of criteria designed to constrain the impact of confounding factors, such as co-occurring psychiatric conditions. Twenty-one studies (10 MRI and 11 fMRI) met the criteria for inclusion. A synthesis of the MRI studies suggested that overall, AU youth showed regional differences in brain structure as compared with non-AU youth, with smaller grey matter volumes and lower white matter integrity in relevant brain areas. In terms of fMRI outcomes, despite equivalent task performance between AU and non-AU youth, AU youth showed a broad pattern of lower task-relevant activation, and greater task-irrelevant activation. In addition, a pattern of gender differences was observed for brain structure and function, with particularly striking effects among AU females. Alcohol consumption during adolescence was associated with significant differences in structure and function in the developing human brain. However, this is a nascent field, with several limiting factors (including small sample sizes, cross-sectional designs, presence of confounding factors) within many of the reviewed studies, meaning that results should be interpreted in light of the preliminary state of the field. Future longitudinal and large-scale studies are critical to replicate the existing findings, and to provide a more comprehensive and conclusive picture of the effect of alcohol consumption on the developing brain. A large proportion of adolescents drink alcohol. Studies show how alcohol affects human adolescent brain development. This includes a systematic review of MRI and fMRI studies in alcohol-using youth. Changes in structure and function are observed in the brain in alcohol-using youth.