A novel sensor combination (upGPR-GPS) to continuously and nondestructively derive snow cover properties
A novel sensor combination (upGPR-GPS) to continuously and nondestructively derive snow cover properties
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DOI：
10.1002/2015gl063732
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发表时间：
2015-05-16
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Schweizer, Juerg
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Schmid, Lino;Koch, Franziska;Schweizer, Juerg
监测季节性积雪特性对于正确管理雪崩或融雪洪水等自然灾害至关重要。然而，测量通常无法在困难的地形中进行，或者缺乏考虑积雪快速变化（例如液态水含量（LWC））所需的高时间分辨率。为了监测积雪的基本特性，我们在积雪下方安装了仰视探地雷达 (upGPR) 和低成本 GPS 系统，并在两个冬季并行观察其演变。应用外部雪高 (HS) 信息，两个系统基于独立的方法（即传播时间和电磁波衰减的测量）提供一致的雪中 LWC 估计。通过结合 upGPR 和 GPS，我们现在获得了一种独立的方法，而不必依赖 HS 等外部信息。这使得首次能够在易发生雪崩的斜坡上以非破坏性且连续的方式确定 LWC、HS 和雪水当量 (SWE)。
Monitoring seasonal snow cover properties is critical for properly managing natural hazards such as snow avalanches or snowmelt floods. However, measurements often cannot be conducted in difficult terrain or lack the high temporal resolution needed to account for rapid changes in the snowpack, e.g., liquid water content (LWC). To monitor essential snowpack properties, we installed an upward looking ground-penetrating radar (upGPR) and a low-cost GPS system below the snow cover and observed in parallel its evolution during two winter seasons. Applying external snow height (HS) information, both systems provided consistent LWC estimates in snow, based on independent approaches, namely measurements of travel time and attenuation of electromagnetic waves. By combining upGPR and GPS, we now obtain a self-contained approach instead of having to rely on external information such as HS. This allows for the first time determining LWC, HS, and snow water equivalent (SWE) nondestructively and continuously potentially also in avalanche-prone slopes.