Posttraumatic Stress and Posttraumatic Growth Among Low-Income Mothers Who Survived Hurricane Katrina
Posttraumatic Stress and Posttraumatic Growth Among Low-Income Mothers Who Survived Hurricane Katrina
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DOI：
10.1037/a0033252
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发表时间：
2013-10-01
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Rhodes, Jean E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Lowe, Sarah R.;Manove, Emily E.;Rhodes, Jean E.
目的：探讨卡特里娜飓风后创伤后应激（PTS）与创伤后成长（PTG）的关系，以及人口统计学因素、灾前心理困扰、飓风相关应激源和心理资源（乐观和目标）在预测二者的作用。方法：研究对象为卡特里娜飓风前居住在新奥尔良地区的334名低收入母亲（82.0%非西班牙裔黑人），分别于飓风前一年（T1[时间1]）和飓风后1年和3年（T2和T3）完成调查。结果：较高的T2和T3 PTS全量表和症状群亚量表（入侵、回避和高唤醒）与较高的T3 PTG显著相关，T2和T3超过可能的创伤后应激障碍临床临界值的参与者的PTG显著高于从未超过临床临界值的参与者。年龄较大和非西班牙裔黑人参与者，以及那些经历过更多飓风相关压力源和丧亲之痛的人，报告的T3 PTS和PTG明显更高。T2乐观情绪较低的参与者报告的T3侵入性症状显著增加，而T1和T2目的较高的参与者报告的T3 PTG显著增加。结论：基于研究结果，我们提出了识别PTS风险较高的灾难幸存者的实践和政策，以及心理资源、PTS和PTG之间相互关系和中介关系的纵向调查。
Objective: The purpose of the study was to explore the relationship between posttraumatic stress (PTS) and posttraumatic growth (PTG) after Hurricane Katrina, and the role of demographics, predisaster psychological distress, hurricane-related stressors, and psychological resources (optimism and purpose) in predicting each. Method: Participants were 334 low-income mothers (82.0% non-Hispanic Black) living in the New Orleans area prior to Hurricane Katrina, who completed surveys in the year prior to the hurricane (T1 [Time 1]) and 1 and 3 years thereafter (T2 and T3). Results: Higher T2 and T3 PTS full-scale and symptom cluster subscales (Intrusion, Avoidance, and Hyperarousal) were significantly associated with higher T3 PTG, and participants who surpassed the clinical cutoff for probable posttraumatic stress disorder at both T2 and T3 had significantly higher PTG than those who never surpassed the clinical cutoff. Older and non-Hispanic Black participants, as well as those who experienced a greater number of hurricane-related stressors and bereavement, reported significantly greater T3 PTS and PTG. Participants with lower T2 optimism reported significantly greater T3 intrusive symptoms, whereas those with higher T1 and T2 purpose reported significantly greater T3 PTG. Conclusions: Based on the results, we suggest practices and policies with which to identify disaster survivors at greater risk for PTS, as well as longitudinal investigations of reciprocal and mediational relationships between psychological resources, PTS, and PTG.