Toxicological and Immunological Aspects of Occupational Latex Allergy
Toxicological and Immunological Aspects of Occupational Latex Allergy
复制标题
职业乳胶过敏的毒理学和免疫学方面
DOI：
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发表时间：
2004
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
A. Adisesh
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. M. Ahmed;T. Aw;A. Adisesh
乳胶过敏仍然是一个重要的职业健康问题，因为乳胶产品在全球范围内的使用越来越多，特别是在医疗保健领域。尽管关于乳胶过敏发生率的流行病学研究很少，但在过去10年中，病例报告数量有所增加，并且基于皮肤点刺试验，估计医护人员乳胶过敏的患病率范围为2%至17%。过敏性健康影响来自胶乳蛋白，通常引起I型速发型超敏反应，或来自加工过程中添加到胶乳中的化学物质，引起IV型迟发型超敏反应。乳胶过敏的临床表现取决于接触途径，通过直接接触皮肤或粘膜或吸入发生。乳胶过敏的诊断基于病史、皮肤试验、血清学试验和激发试验。迄今为止，已从天然橡胶胶乳中鉴定和分离出13种胶乳过敏原。它们在对乳胶过敏的个体中引起免疫应答的潜力不同，因此被指定为主要或次要过敏原。在乳胶手套中，用作穿戴剂的玉米淀粉粉末携带乳胶蛋白，从而增加吸入和粘膜对乳胶蛋白的暴露。蛋白质含量与手套的致敏性之间似乎也存在正相关性。使用无粉、低蛋白手套可有效减少过敏症状和标记物。乳胶手套的替代品，如丁腈或乙烯基手套是可用的，但在手动灵活性和生物不渗透性方面可能较差。
Latex allergy continues to be an important occupational health problem as latex products are used increasingly worldwide, particularly in healthcare. Although there are few epidemiological studies on the incidence of latex allergy, there has been an increase in the number of case reports over the last 10 years and, based on skin-prick tests, estimates of prevalence of latex allergy in healthcare workers range from 2% to 17%. The allergic health effects arise either from the latex proteins, generally causing a type I immediate hypersensitivity reaction, or from the chemicals added to latex during processing, causing a type IV delayed hypersensitivity reaction. Clinical manifestations of latex allergy depend on the route of exposure and occur by direct contact either with skin or mucosa, or by inhalation. The diagnosis of latex allergy is based on the history, skin tests, serological tests and challenge tests. Thirteen latex allergens have been identified and isolated so far from natural rubber latex. They differ in their potential to elicit immunological responses in individuals allergic to latex and thus have been designated as major or minor allergens. In latex gloves, cornstarch powder used as a donning agent carries latex proteins, thereby increasing inhalational and mucosal exposure to latex proteins. There also appears to be a positive correlation between protein content and allergenicity of gloves. The use of powder-free, low-protein gloves is effective in reducing symptoms and markers of sensitisation. Alternatives to latex gloves, such as nitrile or vinyl gloves are available but may be inferior in respect to manual dexterity and biological impermeability.
天然橡胶乳胶过敏的诊断：多中心乳胶皮肤测试功效研究。
DOI：
10.1016/s0091-6749(98)70139-3
发表时间：
1998
期刊：
The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology
影响因子：
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作者：
Hamilton,RG;AdkinsonJr,NF
通讯作者：
AdkinsonJr,NF