Time-lapse photography reveals the occurrence of unexpected bee-pollination in Calanthe izuinsularis, an endangered orchid endemic to the Izu archipelago
Time-lapse photography reveals the occurrence of unexpected bee-pollination in Calanthe izuinsularis, an endangered orchid endemic to the Izu archipelago
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DOI：
10.1080/00222933.2017.1293745
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发表时间：
2017-03
影响因子：
0.8
通讯作者：
K. Suetsugu;N. Nakahama;Azusa Ito;Y. Isagi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
K. Suetsugu;N. Nakahama;Azusa Ito;Y. Isagi
摘要伊豆虾脊兰是产于日本伊豆群岛的一种珍稀、美丽、芳香的兰花。虽然我们知道大陆上的虾脊兰属物种是由中型到大型的蜜蜂授粉的，但很可能C。由于在伊豆群岛上很少发现大型蜜蜂，伊豆岛被迫改变其花卉生物学，以吸引其他授粉者。事实上，C.在夜间开出淡黄色花朵并散发出强烈芳香气味的水岛花，被认为是对蛾类传粉者综合症的适应。正如预期的那样，我们使用数码相机拍摄的延时照片显示，C。最常访问izuinsularis的是夜行蛾，如夜蛾科，尺蛾科和Crambidae，占所有昆虫访问的50%（在捕获的游客的帧数和访问次数方面）。然而，我们的研究不能提供传粉者向蛾类转移的证据，因为没有观察到任何蛾类与花粉囊。另一方面，我们的研究发现，C。Izuinsularis能够附着于小型汗蜂Lasioglossum occidens的中胸。因此，我们的研究表明，C。伊苏岛兰花仍多少依赖蜜蜂授粉，而兰花的花色和香味则有所改变。蜜蜂传粉在C. Izuinsularis可能为C. aristulifera、刺毛角蝉C. discolor和C.也可能发生岛状风。
ABSTRACT Calanthe izuinsularis is a rare, beautiful and fragrant orchid endemic to the Izu archipelago. Although it is known that mainland populations of closely related Calanthe species are pollinated by medium- to large-sized bees, it is likely that C. izuinsularis has been forced to alter its floral biology to attract alternative pollinators, as large-sized bees are rarely found on the Izu Islands. Indeed, the unusual floral characteristics of C. izuinsularis, which produces pale flowers that emit a strong and fragrant scent during the night, are considered the adaptation to a moth-pollinator syndrome. As expected, our time-lapse photography using a digital camera revealed that the inflorescences of C. izuinsularis were most frequently visited by nocturnal moths such as Noctuidae, Geometridae and Crambidae, which accounted for 50% of all insect visits (in terms of both the number of frames with captured visitors and the number of times visited). However, our study could not provide evidence of a pollinator shift towards moths because none of the moth species was observed with pollinaria. On the other hand, our study found that the pollinaria of C. izuinsularis could become attached to the mesothorax of the small-sized sweat bee Lasioglossum occidens. Therefore, our study suggests that C. izuinsularis is still somewhat dependent on bee pollination, while the orchid has changed its floral colouration and scent. The occurrence of bee-pollination in C. izuinsularis would provide an explanation for how the natural hybridisation between C. aristulifera, C. discolor and C. izuinsularis can occur.