The “glass transition” as a topological defect driven transition in a distribution of crystals and a prediction of a universal viscosity collapse
The “glass transition” as a topological defect driven transition in a distribution of crystals and a prediction of a universal viscosity collapse
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“玻璃化转变”作为晶体分布中拓扑缺陷驱动的转变和普遍粘度崩溃的预测
DOI：
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Flavio S. Nogueira
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Z. Nussinov;N. B. Weingartner;Flavio S. Nogueira
拓扑缺陷通常是相对于有序背景进行量化的。这些缺陷对理解从低温有序系统到高温无序系统（反之亦然）的各种平衡熔化转变等物理现象的重要性很难被夸大。诸如玻璃之类的非晶材料似乎构成了对这一范式的根本挑战。一个长期以来的教条是，进入和离开非晶玻璃态的转变与典型的平衡相变明显不同，必须要求完全不同的概念。在这部作品中，我们批判了这种信念。我们研究的系统可以看作是不同的普通平衡结构的同时分布。我们特别关注这种分布式系统中融化（或冻结）转换的类似物。我们得出的理论得出了玻璃和过冷流体的动力学、结构和热力学行为，就目前所测试的性质而言，这些行为在定性和定量上与实验一致。我们对粘度和介电弛豫的预测是普遍满意的，所有实验测量过冷液体和玻璃超过15年。
Topological defects are typically quantified relative to ordered backgrounds. The importance of these defects to the understanding of physical phenomena including diverse equilibrium melting transitions from low temperature ordered to higher temperatures disordered systems (and vice versa) can hardly be overstated. Amorphous materials such as glasses seem to constitute a fundamental challenge to this paradigm. A long held dogma is that transitions into and out of an amorphous glassy state are distinctly different from typical equilibrium phase transitions and must call for radically different concepts. In this work, we critique this belief. We examine systems that may be viewed as simultaneous distribution of different ordinary equilibrium structures. In particular, we focus on the analogs of melting (or freezing) transitions in such distributed systems. The theory that we arrive at yields dynamical, structural, and thermodynamic behaviors of glasses and supercooled fluids that, for the properties tested thus far, are in qualitative and quantitative agreement with experiment. We arrive at a prediction for the viscosity and dielectric relaxations that is universally satisfied for all experimentally measured supercooled liquids and glasses over 15 decades.