GENETIC ANALYSIS OF NATURAL POPULATIONS OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER IN JAPAN. IV. NATURAL SELECTION ON THE INDUCIBILITY, BUT NOT ON THE STRUCTURAL GENES, OF AMYLASE LOCI
GENETIC ANALYSIS OF NATURAL POPULATIONS OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER IN JAPAN. IV. NATURAL SELECTION ON THE INDUCIBILITY, BUT NOT ON THE STRUCTURAL GENES, OF AMYLASE LOCI
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日本果蝇自然种群的遗传分析。
DOI：
10.1093/genetics/108.4.879
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发表时间：
1984
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
T. Yamazaki
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Y. Matsuo;T. Yamazaki
为了检验以前结果的有效性，使用来自日本赤汤的45个纯合黑腹果蝇品系测量淀粉酶的诱导以及其他生化参数。只有诱导量（而不是蛋白质含量或酶的比活性）与使用淀粉食物方案测量的生产率高度相关（rp = 0.41，P < 0.005，rg = 0.73 f 0.21）。诱导率也与淀粉食物的发育时间呈负相关，即诱导率高的发育最快。用同一自然群体的1600个基因组进行的群体笼实验表明，诱导酶对自然选择有积极的响应（淀粉食物笼的诱导酶比普通食物笼的诱导酶增加1.6倍），但等位酶频率变化不大。所有这些结果是一致的，表明诱导因子或调节基因的多态性是在特定环境中适应性差异的主要决定因素，并可能是负责生物适应性进化的遗传物质，至少在淀粉酶位点。尽管许多群体遗传学家为寻找等位酶之间适合度D的差异做了大量的工作，但至今还没有任何决定性的证据来评估选择压力（LEWONTIN和HUBBY 1966; MACINTYRE和WRIGHT 1966; YAMAZAKI 1971; AYALA、POWELL和DOBZHANSKY 1971; MUKAI、WATANABE和YAMAGUCHI 1974）。在许多生物体中，酶活性也存在遗传变异。尽管酶活性的遗传变异性并不总是提供调节基因变异性的证据（参见YAMAZAKI 1981; YAMAZAKI和MATSUO 1984），但很可能在天然群体中的酶基因座的调节基因方面存在大量的遗传变异性（伯利和BARNES 1973，1975; MCDONALD和AYALA 1978; HORI和BARNES 1977，1978）。
To test the validity of previous results the inducibility of amylase as well as other biochemical parameters was measured using 45 homozygous strains of Drosophila melanogaster from Akayu, Japan. Only the inducibility (but not protein contents or specific activity of the enzyme) was highly correlated with productivity measured using a starch food regime (rp = 0.41, P < 0.005, rg = 0.73 f 0.2 1). Inducibility was also negatively correlated with developmental time using starch food; namely, the one with high inducibility developed the fastest. Population cage experiments using 1600 genomes from the same natural population showed that the inducibility responded positively to natural selection (1.6-fold increase in inducibility in cages using starch food relative to those using normal food), but little frequency change of allozymes was observed. All of these results were consistent and indicated that polymorphisms of inducing factors or regulatory genes were major determinants of fitness differences in a particular environment and may be the genetic materials responsible for the adaptive evolution of organisms, at least in amylase loci. ESPITE extensive efforts by many population geneticists to find the fitness D differences between allozymes, there has as yet not been any conclusive evidence for evaluating selection pressure (LEWONTIN and HUBBY 1966; MACINTYRE and WRIGHT 1966; YAMAZAKI 1971; AYALA, POWELL and DOBZHANSKY 1971; MUKAI, WATANABE and YAMAGUCHI 1974). There are also genetic variabilities with respect to enzyme activity in many organisms. Although genetic variability in enzyme activity does not always provide the evidence for regulatory gene variability (see YAMAZAKI 198 l ; YAMAZAKI and MATSUO 1984), it is likely that there is a large amount of genetic variability with respect to the regulatory genes of the enzyme loci in natural populations (BIRLEY and BARNES 1973, 1975; MCDONALD and AYALA 1978; HORI and