An uncertain revolution: Why the rise of a genetic model of mental illness has not increased tolerance
An uncertain revolution: Why the rise of a genetic model of mental illness has not increased tolerance
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DOI：
10.1016/j.socscimed.2008.07.007
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发表时间：
2008-11-01
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Schnittker, Jason
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Schnittker, Jason
本研究使用2006年复制的1996年一般社会调查心理健康模块，探讨在美国公众对精神疾病的信念的趋势。利用与大众媒体中遗传论点框架相关的三个模型，该研究试图解决为什么尽管生物医学观点越来越受欢迎，但对精神病患者的容忍度并没有增加。解决这一悖论的关键在于理解遗传参数如何与其他关于精神疾病的信念相互作用，以及遗传框架的复杂概念含义。遗传的争论与耐受性有偶然的关系。当应用于精神分裂症时，遗传参数与对暴力的恐惧呈正相关。事实上，在这方面，将精神分裂症归因于基因与将精神分裂症归因于不良性格没有什么不同。然而，当应用于抑郁症时，遗传参数与社会接受度呈正相关。除了这些偶然性之外，遗传学解释与关于治疗的信念之间存在不连续的关系。虽然遗传参数与推荐药物治疗呈正相关，但它们与改善的可能性无关。这些各种关系的最终结果是，随着时间的推移，总体耐受水平几乎没有变化。由于推动生物医学观点的力量的生硬本质包括精神病药物的日益普及改变对精神疾病病因的信念本身不太可能增加耐受性。(c)2008爱思唯尔有限公司保留所有权利。
This study uses the 2006 replication of the 1996 General Social Survey Mental Health Module to explore trends in public beliefs about mental illness in the USA. Drawing on three models related to the framing of genetic arguments in popular media, the study attempts to address why tolerance of the mentally ill has not increased, despite the growing popularity of a biomedical view. The key to resolving this paradox lies in understanding how genetic arguments interact with other beliefs about mental illness, as well as the complex ideational implications of genetic frameworks. Genetic arguments have contingent relationships with tolerance. When applied to schizophrenia, genetic arguments are positively associated with fears regarding violence. Indeed, in this regard, attributing schizophrenia to genes is no different from attributing schizophrenia to bad character. However, when applied to depression, genetic arguments are positively associated with social acceptance. In addition to these contingencies, genetic explanations have discontinuous relationships with beliefs regarding treatment. Although genetic arguments are positively associated with recommending medical treatment, they are not associated with the perceived likelihood of improvement. The net result of these assorted relationships is little change in overall levels of tolerance over time. Because of the blunt nature of the forces propelling a biomedical view-including the growing popularity of psychiatric medications-altering beliefs about the etiology of mental illness is unlikely, on its own, to increase tolerance. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.