The Osteology and Systematics of the Enigmatic Australian Oligo-Miocene Metatherian Yalkaparidon (Yalkaparidontidae; Yalkaparidontia; ?Australidelphia; Marsupialia)
The Osteology and Systematics of the Enigmatic Australian Oligo-Miocene Metatherian Yalkaparidon (Yalkaparidontidae; Yalkaparidontia; ?Australidelphia; Marsupialia)
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DOI：
10.1007/s10914-013-9236-3
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发表时间：
2014-06-01
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Archer, Michael
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Beck, Robin M. D.;Travouillon, Kenny J.;Archer, Michael
我们提供了第一个详细描述的神秘的渐新世中新世澳大利亚metatherian Yalkaparidon的骨骼学。这个分类群表现出一些不寻常的颅齿畸形，但似乎是近形内Metatheria保留四个臼齿，而不是三个以前报道的。我们证明，唯一已知的Yalkaparidon头骨几乎可以肯定代表一个单一的个人。我们也尝试将一些孤立的跗节归入该属。最大简约分析的258字符的形态矩阵（与信息从这里描述的跗骨包括或排除）的地方Yalkaparidon的超序数分支Australidelphia，但贝叶斯分析相同的矩阵是不太好解决，把Yalkaparidon有袋目，但没有明确支持australidelphian的亲和力。贝叶斯分析的总证据矩阵相结合的形态学数据与9 kb的序列数据从5个核蛋白编码基因（APOB，BRCA1，IRBP，RAG1和VWF），78个插入缺失，和53个逆转录酶插入字符同样解决不佳，并没有澄清的超序关系Yalkaparidon以外的建议，它可能是一个成员的有袋动物。然而，如果这些跗骨化石被正确地归属于Yalkaparidon，那么它们可能属于澳大拉西亚，因为这些标本显示出澳大拉西亚的特徴。我们的结论是，根据当前的证据，雅尔帕里东的顺序状态仍然是合理的，并且我们提出了雅尔帕里东氏症的修订诊断。我们保留了两个目前公认的物种，Y。coheni和Y. jonesi，但目前修订的具体诊断。我们建议修订系统发育的定义，有袋目，并提供系统发育的定义Eomarsupialia（包括所有现存的澳大利亚有袋目的分支）和包括Dasyuromortia，Peramelemortia，Notoryctemortia排除Diprotodontia的分支，我们建议后者的分支的名称diprotodontia。
We provide the first detailed description of the osteology of the enigmatic Oligo-Miocene Australian metatherian Yalkaparidon. This taxon exhibits a number of unusual craniodental apomorphies but appears to be plesiomorphic within Metatheria in retaining four molars, rather than three as previously reported. We demonstrate that the only known skull of Yalkaparidon almost certainly represents a single individual. We also tentatively refer a number of isolated tarsals to the genus. Maximum parsimony analyses of a 258 character morphological matrix (with information from the tarsals described here either included or excluded) place Yalkaparidon within the superordinal clade Australidelphia, but Bayesian analyses of the same matrix are less well resolved, placing Yalkaparidon within Marsupialia but without unequivocally supporting australidelphian affinities. Bayesian analyses of a total evidence matrix that combines the morphological data with 9 kb of sequence data from five nuclear protein-coding genes (APOB, BRCA1, IRBP, RAG1 and VWF), 78 indels, and 53 retroposon insertion characters are similarly poorly resolved and do not clarify the supraordinal relationships of Yalkaparidon beyond suggesting that it is probably a member of Marsupialia. However, if the tarsal remains are correctly attributed to Yalkaparidon, then membership of Australidelphia seems likely, as these specimens exhibit characteristic australidelphian apomorphies. We conclude that the ordinal status of Yalkaparidon remains justified based on current evidence, and we present a revised diagnosis for Yalkaparidontia. We maintain the two currently recognized species, Y. coheni and Y. jonesi, but present revised specific diagnoses. We suggest a revised phylogenetic definition for Marsupialia, and provide phylogenetic definitions for Eomarsupialia (the clade comprising all extant Australian marsupial orders) and for the clade comprising Dasyuromorphia, Peramelemorphia, and Notoryctemorphia to the exclusion of Diprotodontia; we propose the name Agreodontia for the latter clade.