Precis of the number sense
Precis of the number sense
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DOI：
10.1111/1468-0017.00154
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发表时间：
2001-02-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Dehaene, S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dehaene, S
“数感”是我们快速理解、近似和操纵数值能力的帮手。我的假设是，数感依赖于专门为了表示基本算术知识而进化的大脑回路。回顾了表明数感构成特定领域、生物学决定的能力的四条证据：动物中算术进化先驱的存在；婴儿早期出现独立于其他能力（包括语言）的算术能力；动物、婴儿和成人的数字处理能力之间存在同源性；以及专用脑基质的存在。在所有文化背景的成年人中，顶叶下区的损伤会特别损害数感，同时使其他认知领域的知识完好无损。此外，该区域在数字处理过程中明显被激活。我假设算术方面的更高层次的文化发展是通过在这种核心类比表示（“数轴”）与数字符号的其他语言和视觉表示之间建立联系而出现的。这些表征的神经和认知组织可以解释为什么有些数学概念很直观，而另一些则很难掌握。因此，数学的最终基础依赖于通过进化而内化在我们大脑中的核心表征。
'Number sense' is a shea-hand for our ability to quickly understand, approximate, and manipulate numerical quantities. My hypothesis is that number sense rests on cerebral circuits that have evolved specifically for the purpose of representing basic arithmetic knowledge. Four lines of evidence suggesting that number sense constitutes a domain-specific, biolopically-determined ability are reviewed: the presence of evolutionary precursors of arithmetic in animals; the early emergence of arithmetic competence in infants independently of other abilities, including language; the existence of a homology between the animal, infant, and human adult abilities for number processing; and the existence of a dedicated cerebral substrate. In adults of all cultures, lesions to the inferior parietal region can specifically impair number sense while leaving the knowledge of other cognitive domains intact. Furthermore, this region is demonstrably activated during number processing. I postulate that higher-level cultural developments in arithmetic emerge through the establishment of linkages between this core analogical representation (the 'number line') and other verbal and visual representations of number notations. The neural and cognitive organization of those representations can explain why some mathematical concepts are intuitive, while others are so difficult to grasp. Thus, the ultimate foundations of mathematics rests on core representations that have been internalized in our brains through evolution.