Reciprocal Processes in Trauma and Coping: Bidirectional Effects Over a Four-Year Period
Reciprocal Processes in Trauma and Coping: Bidirectional Effects Over a Four-Year Period
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DOI：
10.1037/tra0000500
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发表时间：
2020-02-01
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
Read, Jennifer P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jenzer, Tiffany;Meisel, Samuel N.;Read, Jennifer P.
目的：创伤暴露和应对是心理健康结局的重要预测因素。有证据表明，创伤和应对是有联系的，横断面研究表明，创伤暴露越多的个体，其应对能力就越差（即，更多的回避应对，更少的接近应对）。到目前为止，还没有研究检查这种关联的时间方向性，这是一个具有重要临床意义的问题。方法：采用长达4年的纵向数据（N = 787），研究创伤暴露与3种应对方式（接近、回避、寻求社会支持）之间的双向关系。我们的数据分析方法允许我们检查个人内部和人与人之间的影响，以更好地确定变化是如何在个人层面发生的。应对使用Brief Cope （Carver, 1997）进行评估，创伤暴露使用创伤生活经历问卷（Kubany et al, 2000）进行评估。性别、基线创伤后应激障碍症状和大学前创伤作为统计控制变量。结果：人际效应与横断面文献一致。有趣的是，随着时间的推移，而不是逃避应对和创伤暴露的增加。人体内的研究结果表明，随着时间的推移，存在一个适应循环，其中增加的创伤暴露略微预测了方法应对的增加（B = 0.05, p = 0.07），而方法应对预测了创伤暴露的减少（B = - 0.07, p = 0.04）。结论：我们的研究揭示了应对和压力事件如何随着时间的推移相互影响。研究结果表明，注重以方法为基础的应对技能可能是预防工作的一个重要方向。
Objective: Both trauma exposure and coping are strong predictors of mental health outcomes. There is evidence that trauma and coping are linked, with cross-sectional work suggesting that individuals with more trauma exposure show poorer coping ability (i.e., more avoidance coping, less approach coping). To date, no study has examined the temporal directionality of this association, a question with important clinical implications. Method: Using a longitudinal data set over 4 years of college (N = 787), we examined bidirectional associations between trauma exposure and 3 coping styles (approach, avoidance, social support seeking). Our data analytic approach allowed us to examine both within-person and between-person effects, to better determine how change occurs at the individual level. Coping was assessed using the Brief Cope (Carver, 1997), and trauma exposure was assessed using the Traumatic Life Experiences Questionnaire (Kubany et al., 2000). Gender, baseline posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, and precollege trauma were included as statistical control variables. Results: The between-person effects were consistent with the cross-sectional literature. Interestingly, rather than an increase in avoidance coping and trauma exposure over time. the within-person findings suggested an adaptive cycle over time, in which increased trauma exposure marginally predicted an increase in approach coping (B = .05, p = .07), and approach coping predicted decreased trauma exposure (B = -.07, p = .04). Conclusions: Our study sheds new light on how coping and stressful events may impact one another across time. Findings suggest that a focus on approach-based coping skills may be an important direction for prevention efforts.