Heritability and Genotype × Environment Interactions of Carbon Isotope Discrimination and Transpiration Efficiency in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)
Heritability and Genotype × Environment Interactions of Carbon Isotope Discrimination and Transpiration Efficiency in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)
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DOI：
10.1071/pp9880799
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发表时间：
1988
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
K. Hubick;R. Shorter;G. Farquhar
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
K. Hubick;R. Shorter;G. Farquhar
通过观察二氧化碳同化过程中二氧化碳同位素组成的变化以及干物质中¹³C/¹²C的比值，研究了不同花生基因型在碳积累过程中对¹³C的判别（Δ）。短期（几分钟）判别是在气体交换小室中测量二氧化碳通过叶片时的情况，它与pi/pa呈正相关，pi/pa是叶片内部二氧化碳压力与叶片周围二氧化碳压力的比值，它与蒸腾效率（W）独立相关。在盆栽和田间生长的植株中研究了Δ的遗传力。用Δ和W差异显著的品种进行杂交。对于这些基因型，较小的Δ（和较大的W）在F₁代似乎是显性的。严重干旱胁迫略微降低了F₂植株的Δ和W，但在另一项实验中，对于亲本基因型，当胁迫不太严重时，Δ降低但W增加。在两个W和Δ差异显著的品种杂交的F₂代盆栽植株（水分充足）的叶片中，发现W（克干物质/千克用水）和Δ之间存在强烈的负表型相关（r = -0.78）。无论植株是受干旱胁迫还是水分充足，花生品种之间的蒸腾效率都存在显著差异。盆栽F₂植株的蒸腾效率遗传力为34%，而Δ的遗传力为53%。田间种植品种的Δ广义遗传力为81%，并且Δ不存在显著的基因型×环境互作。Δ的高遗传力及其与W的强遗传相关性表明，Δ是花生育种计划中W的一个合适的选择标准。
The discrimination, Δ, against 13C in carbon accumulation by different genotypes of peanut was investigated by looking at changes in composition of isotopes of CO2 during CO2 assimilation and at the 13C/12C ratio in dry matter. The short term (minutes) discrimination, which was measured as CO2 passed over leaves in a gas exchange cuvette, was positively related to pi/pa, the ratio of the pressure of CO2 inside the leaves to the pressure of CO2 around the leaves, which is independently related to transpiration efficiency, W. Heritability of Δ was studied in plants grown in pots and in the field. Crosses were made of cultivars with contrasting Δ and W. For these genotypes, small Δ (and large W) seemed to be dominant in the F1 progeny. Severe drought stress slightly decreased Δ and W in F2 plants but, for parental genotypes in another experiment, Δ decreased but W increased when they were less severely stressed. A strong negative phenotypic correlation (r = -0.78) was found between W (g DM/ kg water used) and Δ in the leaves of well-watered potted plants of F2 progeny from a cross between two cultivars with contrasting W and Δ. Transpiration efficiency varied significantly among cultivars of peanut irrespective of whether plants were drought-stressed or well-watered. Transpiration efficiency in the potted F2 plants had a heritability of 34% while Δ had a heritability of 53%. The broad sense heritability of Δ in fieid-grown cultivars was 81% and there was no significant genotype × environment interaction for Δ. The high heritability of Δ and its strong genetic correlation with W indicates that Δ is a suitable selection criterion for W in peanut breeding programs.