MOAT: Towards Safe BPF Kernel Extension

MOAT: Towards Safe BPF Kernel Extension
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MOAT:迈向安全的 BPF 内核扩展

DOI:
10.48550/arxiv.2301.13421
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发表时间:
2023
期刊:
ArXiv
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Fengwei Zhang
Fengwei Zhang
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Hongyi Lu;Shuai Wang;Yechang Wu;Wanning He;Fengwei Zhang

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Linux内核广泛使用Berkeley Packet Filter(BPF)来允许用户编写的BPF应用程序在内核空间中执行。BPF使用验证器静态地检查用户提供的BPF代码的安全性。最近的攻击表明,BPF程序可以逃避安全检查,并获得对内核内存的未经授权的访问,这表明验证过程并非完美无瑕。在本文中,我们提出了MOAT,一个系统,隔离潜在的恶意BPF程序使用英特尔内存保护密钥(MPK)。使用MPK强制BPF程序隔离并不简单; MOAT旨在减轻技术障碍,例如有限的硬件密钥和保护各种BPF帮助函数的需要。我们在Linux上实现了MOAT(ver. 6.1.38),我们的评估表明,MOAT在主流用例下提供了BPF程序的低成本隔离,例如隔离BPF数据包过滤器,只有3%的吞吐量损失。
The Linux kernel extensively uses the Berkeley Packet Filter (BPF) to allow user-written BPF applications to execute in the kernel space. The BPF employs a verifier to check the security of user-supplied BPF code statically. Recent attacks show that BPF programs can evade security checks and gain unauthorized access to kernel memory, indicating that the verification process is not flawless. In this paper, we present MOAT, a system that isolates potentially malicious BPF programs using Intel Memory Protection Keys (MPK). Enforcing BPF program isolation with MPK is not straightforward; MOAT is designed to alleviate technical obstacles, such as limited hardware keys and the need to protect a wide variety of BPF helper functions. We implement MOAT on Linux (ver. 6.1.38), and our evaluation shows that MOAT delivers low-cost isolation of BPF programs under mainstream use cases, such as isolating a BPF packet filter with only 3% throughput loss.
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