Fear of the Disability Con: Perceptions of Fraud and Special Rights Discourse
Fear of the Disability Con: Perceptions of Fraud and Special Rights Discourse
复制标题
对残疾骗局的恐惧：对欺诈和特殊权利话语的看法
作者：
Doron Dorfman
本文提出了一个新的框架，分析残疾法的发展和实施：棱镜的恐惧“残疾骗局”-流行的欺诈和伪造的看法。我们在日常生活中都会遇到残疾人权利和便利。然而，残疾人为在法律的上承认其权利付出了代价。那些把车停在残疾人停车位、使用服务犬、站在队伍前面、领取社会保障福利或要求学术住宿的人往往被视为假装残疾和滥用法律。因此，这种残疾人的刻板印象成为阻碍美国残疾人充分参与社会的一个重要的无形障碍，因为它不仅破坏了权利的公共合法性，而且限制了说明这些权利的法律的制度的设计和实施。然而，美国社会中围绕残疾欺诈的这种道德恐慌及其表现尚未得到系统实证的研究，也没有在社会法律学术中得到解决。本文采用了一种混合方法，由一个具有全国代表性的原始调查沿着和深入访谈组成，填补了这一空白。数据表明，残疾骗局的刻板印象适用于各种场所和环境中的多种残疾权利;近60%的美国残疾人认为其他人质疑他们的残疾;残疾骗局的刻板印象延伸到可见的残疾和不太明显的残疾;而且，与直觉相反，最可疑的人是与残疾人有私人联系的非残疾人和自己经历过怀疑的残疾人。本文在对社会法律现象有更深入理解的基础上，提出了增强信任、减少怀疑的策略。
This Article presents a new framework for analyzing the development and implementation of disability law: the prism of the fear of “the disability con” — popular perceptions of fraud and fakery. We all encounter disability rights and accommodations in everyday life. However, people with disabilities pay a price for the legal recognition of their rights. People who park in disabled parking spots, use service dogs, move to the front of lines, receive Social Security benefits, or request academic accommodations are often viewed as faking disabilities and abusing the law. This disability con stereotype thus serves as an important invisible barrier preventing Americans with disabilities from fully taking part in society, as it not only undermines the public legitimacy of rights but also restricts the design and implementation of the legal regime illustrating those. Nevertheless, this moral panic around disability con in American society and its manifestations has yet to be studied in a systematic-empirical way, nor has it been addressed in socio-legal scholarship. Using a mixed-methods approach composed of an original nationally representative survey along with in-depth interviews, this article fills this gap. The data suggest that the stereotype of disability con applies to multiple disability rights across venues and contexts; that nearly 60% of Americans with disabilities feel that others question their disability; that the stereotype of disability con extends to visible disabilities and to less apparent ones; and that, counterintuitively, the people most suspicious are nondisabled individuals with a personal connection to a disabled person and disabled people who experience suspicion themselves. Based on the richer understanding of the socio-legal phenomenon, this article suggests strategies to increase trust and reduce suspicion of the disability con.