NEW EVIDENCE ON THE NATURE OF THE ENCODING OF ACTION EVENTS
NEW EVIDENCE ON THE NATURE OF THE ENCODING OF ACTION EVENTS
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DOI：
10.3758/bf03202512
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发表时间：
1986-07-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
CHALOM, D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
BACKMAN, L;NILSSON, LG;CHALOM, D
受试者执行任务 (SPT) 和口头材料之间的回忆模式差异已被解释为 SPT 是非策略性的或自动编码的。在一系列的三个实验中，我们通过比较以下条件下的 SPT 和句子的自由回忆来测试这个概念：(1) 对可组织项目的非分散注意力与分散注意力，(2) 可组织项目与不可组织项目，以及 (3) 对不可组织项目的非分散注意力与分散注意力。研究发现，在注意力分散的情况下，SPT 和句子的回忆都会减少。与使用可组织材料相比，当使用不可组织材料时，两种类型的材料的召回率均有所下降。此外，SPT 的聚类程度高于句子。这些数据表明 SPT 的编码涉及战略成分。我们建议 SPT 的动作元素（例如运动特征、形状、纹理）被自动编码，而言语成分则被策略性编码。需要强调的是，组织是对 SPT 回忆至关重要的编码策略。
Differences in recall patterns between subject-performed tasks (SPTs) and verbal materials have been interpreted in terms of SPTs being nonstrategic or automatically encoded. In a series of three experiments, we tested this notion by comparing free recall of SPTs and sentences in conditions of (1) nondivided versus divided attention for organizable items, (2) organizable versus nonorganizable items, and (3) nondivided versus divided attention for nonorganizable items. It was found that recall of both SPTs and sentences decreased in conditions of divided attention. A decrease in recall was also observed for both types of material when nonorganizable as compared to organizable materials were used. In addition, the degree of clustering was higher for SPTs than for sentences. These data suggest that there is a strategic component involved in the encoding of SPTs. We propose that the action elements of SPTs (e.g., motor features, shape, texture) are automatically encoded, whereas the verbal component is strategically encoded. It is emphasized that organization is an encoding strategy critical to SPT recall.