Effects of multisensory stop signals on alcohol-induced disinhibition in adults with ADHD.
Effects of multisensory stop signals on alcohol-induced disinhibition in adults with ADHD.
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多感觉停止信号对成人多动症患者酒精诱导去抑制的影响。
DOI：
10.1037/pha0000251
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发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Fillmore,MarkT
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D'Agostino,AlexandraR;Wesley,MichaelJ;Brown,Jaime;Fillmore,MarkT
多感官环境促进人类的行为功能。冗余信号效应（英语：Redundant signal effect，RSE）是指当信息以多感官、冗余刺激（如听觉和视觉）的形式呈现时，个体对刺激的反应比以单一刺激的形式呈现时更快。RSE似乎是因为上级丘和联合皮层中的专门的多感觉神经元，它们允许视觉和听觉通道之间的感觉间共激活。我们的研究表明，当停止信号是多感官的（例如，视觉+听觉停止信号）而不是单感官时，酒精的抑制作用会减弱（罗伯茨，Monem，& Fillmore，2016）。本研究扩展了这项研究，以测试多感觉停止信号在多大程度上也可以减弱酒精对注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）患者的抑制作用，ADHD是一种以冲动控制不良为特征的临床人群。该研究将患有ADHD的年轻人（n = 22）与健康对照组（n= 22）进行了比较，并检查了酒精对反应抑制的急性损害作用，以停止信号作为单感觉（视觉）刺激或多感觉（视觉+听觉）刺激。对于控制，结果显示酒精受损的反应抑制unisensory停止信号，但不是多感官停止信号。注意缺陷多动障碍患者的反应抑制受到酒精的损害，无论停止信号是单感官的还是多感官的。多感官刺激未能减轻ADHD患者的酒精损伤，这突出了一个特定的脆弱性，可以解释对酒精破坏性影响的高度敏感性。
Multisensory environments facilitate behavioral functioning in humans. The redundant signal effect (RSE) refers to the observation that individuals respond more quickly to stimuli when information is presented as multisensory, redundant stimuli (eg, aurally and visually) rather than as a single stimulus presented to either modality alone. RSE appears to be because of specialized multisensory neurons in the superior colliculus and association cortex that allow intersensory coactivation between the visual and auditory channels. Our studies show that the disinhibiting effects of alcohol are attenuated when stop signals are multisensory (eg, Visual+ Auditory stop signals) versus unisensory (Roberts, Monem, & Fillmore, 2016). The present study expanded on this research to test the degree to which multisensory stop signals could also attenuate the disinhibiting effects of alcohol in those with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a clinical population characterized by poor impulse control. The study compared young adults with ADHD (n= 22) with healthy controls (n= 22) and examined the acute impairing effect of alcohol on response inhibition to stop signals that were presented as a unisensory (visual) stimulus or a multisensory (Visual+ Auditory) stimulus. For controls, results showed alcohol impaired response inhibition to unisensory stop signals but not to multisensory stop signals. Response inhibition of those with ADHD was impaired by alcohol regardless of whether stop signals were unisensory or multisensory. The failure of multisensory stimuli to attenuate alcohol impairment in those with ADHD highlights a specific vulnerability that could account for heightened sensitivity to the disruptive effects of alcohol.