COMBINING EXPECTANCIES
COMBINING EXPECTANCIES
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DOI：
10.1080/14640749208401284
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发表时间：
1992-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
KINGSTONE, A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
KINGSTONE, A
五个实验研究了空间和非空间线索对方向判断延迟的综合影响。在实验1中的位置和形式的预期之间的相互作用被观察到：有一个不寻常的延迟反应时间（RT）时，预期不匹配，也就是说，当一个意想不到的（未提示）的形式出现在预期（提示）的位置或预期（提示）的形式出现在一个意想不到的（未提示）的位置。这种相互作用是不一致的空间聚光灯模型的预测，位置和形式的预期效果将是加性的。位置-形式的相互作用被消除时，目标位置的可辨别性是困难的，通过添加一个干扰项在不包含一个目标的位置（实验2）或通过降低位置线索的有效性（实验3）。降低形式线索的有效性对交互作用没有影响。不匹配的预期相互作用是不是唯一的位置和形式的组合，它也被观察到时，时间（实验4）和颜色（实验5）的期望与形式的期望相结合。因此，位置的提前知识的影响表明，与其他刺激属性相比，位置没有特殊的地位。因此，至少对于组合预期来说，唯一空间心理聚光灯的概念似乎是不合理的。据推测，预期的相互作用可能反映了编码的维度之间的层次串扰关系。
Five experiments examine the combined effects of spatial and non-spatial cues on the latency of an orientation judgement. In Experiment 1 an interaction between position and form expectancies is observed: There is an unusual delay in response time (RT) when expectancies mismatch-that is, when an unexpected (uncued) form appears at an expected (cued) position or an expected (cued) form appears at an unexpected (uncued) position. This interaction is inconsistent with the spatial spotlight model's prediction that position and form expectancy effects will be additive. The position-form interaction is eliminated when target position discriminability is made difficult by adding a distractor item at the location not containing a target (Experiment 2) or by decreasing the validity of the positional cue (Experiment 3). Decreasing the validity of the form cue has no effect on the interaction. The mismatching expectancy interaction is not unique to combinations of position and form-it is also observed when temporal (Experiment 4) and colour (Experiment 5) expectancies are combined with form expectancies. The effects of advance knowledge of position therefore suggest no special status for location compared to other stimulus attributes. Thus, at least for combined expectancies, the notion of a uniquely spatial mental spotlight seems unjustified. It is hypothesized that expectancy interactions may reflect a hierarchical crosstalk relation between dimensions of encoding.