WARPP: a toolkit for simulating high-performance parallel scientific codes
WARPP: a toolkit for simulating high-performance parallel scientific codes
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WARPP：用于模拟高性能并行科学代码的工具包
DOI：
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发表时间：
2009
期刊：
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通讯作者：
A. Vadgama
中科院分区：
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作者：
S. Hammond;G. Mudalige;J. A. Smith;S. Jarvis;J. Herdman;A. Vadgama
高性能计算（HPC）社区面临着许多挑战，包括不断增加的并发级别（线程、核心、节点）、更深和更复杂的内存层次结构（寄存器、缓存、磁盘、网络）、混合硬件集（CPU和GPU）以及不断增加的规模（数万或数十万个处理元件）。在专门的高性能计算架构上评估复杂的科学应用程序的性能是困难的。在许多情况下，传统的计算机基准测试是不够的，因为它通常需要访问等效（或类似）规范的物理机器，并且很少涉及应用程序的潜在能力。一种称为应用程序性能建模的技术可以解决许多这些额外的需求。建模允许在数学或模拟环境中探索未来的架构和/或应用，从而使与潜在未来架构的配置有关的假设问题能够根据其对关键科学代码的影响进行评估。
本文介绍了沃里克性能预测（WARPP）的模拟器，这是用来构建复杂的工业强度的并行科学代码上执行的数千个处理核心的应用程序性能模型。该模拟器的能力和准确性通过其应用于联合王国原子武器研究所（AWE）开发的科学基准得到了证明。两种不同的HPC架构的模拟结果进行了验证，每种情况下表现出大于90%的准确性运行时预测。模拟结果，从一个标准的PC上运行收集，提供了多达65,000个处理器内核。它还示出了如何添加操作系统抖动的模拟器可以提高应用程序性能模型结果的质量。
There are a number of challenges facing the High Performance Computing (HPC) community, including increasing levels of concurrency (threads, cores, nodes), deeper and more complex memory hierarchies (register, cache, disk, network), mixed hardware sets (CPUs and GPUs) and increasing scale (tens or hundreds of thousands of processing elements). Assessing the performance of complex scientific applications on specialised high-performance computing architectures is difficult. In many cases, traditional computer benchmarking is insufficient as it typically requires access to physical machines of equivalent (or similar) specification and rarely relates to the potential capability of an application. A technique known as application performance modelling addresses many of these additional requirements. Modelling allows future architectures and/or applications to be explored in a mathematical or simulated setting, thus enabling hypothetical questions relating to the configuration of a potential future architecture to be assessed in terms of its impact on key scientific codes.
This paper describes the Warwick Performance Prediction (WARPP) simulator, which is used to construct application performance models for complex industry-strength parallel scientific codes executing on thousands of processing cores. The capability and accuracy of the simulator is demonstrated through its application to a scientific benchmark developed by the United Kingdom Atomic Weapons Establishment (AWE). The results of the simulations are validated for two different HPC architectures, each case demonstrating a greater than 90% accuracy for run-time prediction. Simulation results, collected from runs on a standard PC, are provided for up to 65,000 processor cores. It is also shown how the addition of operating system jitter to the simulator can improve the quality of the application performance model results.