Power-Efficient ELF Wireless Communications Using Electro-Mechanical Transmitters
Power-Efficient ELF Wireless Communications Using Electro-Mechanical Transmitters
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DOI：
10.1109/access.2019.2961708
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发表时间：
2020-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Mandal, Soumyajit
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Glickstein, Jarred S.;Liang, Jifu;Mandal, Soumyajit
超小型化和高功率效率的ELF（0.3-3 kHz）发射机是地下和海底无线通信的理想选择。本文提出了使用旋转永久极化偶极子（磁铁或驻极体），这样的应用。一种基于连续频率FSK（CF-FSK）的节能数据调制方案也被提出用于这样的机电发射机。理论分析和仿真结果表明，7进制CF-FSK是最佳的，在这个意义上，它最大限度地减少了平均机械扭矩的机电一体化天线为一个给定的比特率。从一个原型ELF磁场为基础的发射机的基础上的高强度稀土（NdFeB）磁铁和小型无刷直流（BLDC）电机的初步实验结果。结果突出了本地环境的挑战，如电力线干扰，影响数据编码和调制方案的选择。可靠的非视线（NLOS）的通信，通过混凝土障碍，在100赫兹和类似的0.25位/秒的证明，在距离高达类似5米。所提出的机电一体化天线和调制方案可以在频率和发射功率上按比例放大，以用于需要ELF信道的表面到海底、表面到洞穴和其他导电环境中更具挑战性的应用。
Ultra-miniaturized and highly power-efficient ELF (0.3-3 kHz) transmitters are desirable for underground and undersea wireless communications. This paper proposes the use of rotating permanently polarized dipoles (magnets or electrets) for such applications. A power-efficient data modulation scheme based on continuous-frequency FSK (CF-FSK) is also proposed for such electro-mechanical transmitters. Theoretical analysis and simulations show that 7-ary CF-FSK is optimal in the sense that it minimizes average mechanical torque on the mechatronic antenna for a given bit rate. Preliminary experimental results from a prototype ELF magnetic-field based transmitter based on a high-strength rare-earth (NdFeB) magnet and small brushless DC (BLDC) motor are presented. The results highlight local environment challenges such as power line interference that affect the choice of data encoding and modulation schemes. Reliable non-line-of-sight (NLOS) communication through concrete barriers at 100 Hz and similar to 0.25 bit/sec is demonstrated at distances up to similar to 5 m. The proposed mechatronic antenna and modulation scheme can be scaled up in both frequency and transmit power for more challenging applications in surface-to-undersea, surface-to-cave, and other conductive environments that require ELF channels.