Private Standardization in Public International Lawmaking
Private Standardization in Public International Lawmaking
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国际公共立法中的私人标准化
DOI：
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发表时间：
2011
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. Diller
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Diller
本文探讨了私营国际标准化对国际公共组织及其成员国职权范围内公共政策领域国际立法的影响。它通过对社会责任国际标准 (ISO 26000) 最新发展的实证审查，评估公共政策相关领域自律行动的优势和局限性。特别关注私人和公共行为者之间的互动，包括政府、联合国和其他国际组织。特别提到了国际标准化组织 (ISO) 和国际劳工组织 (ILO) 之间的合作，国际劳工组织是联合国机构，其全球任务是制定和监测国际劳工标准的影响，这是该标准所关注的主题之一。国际规则和政策规范私人行为者的行为及其在国际贸易法以及更广泛的国际人权法下特定标准化领域的责任。这些规则规定私营标准化机构有责任确保其决策和行动符合国际公法的基本原则。此外，良好实践守则为私营标准化提供了指导标准，这些标准借鉴了与一致性、代表性、有意义的参与和透明度相关的原则。在涉及公共利益和政策问题时，这些原则应为标准化私人制度与公共国际治理结构之间的互动提供信息和指导。对私人行为者的法律义务和标准化良好实践原则的认可为拟议议定书或其他良好实践文书奠定了基础，以指导公共政策领域的私人标准化活动。作为起点，私营标准机构在决定是否进入与公共政策相关的领域以及如何推进时，应采用总体推定，优先考虑通过民主治理的公共程序制定的标准。该方法旨在利用公共和私人行动的比较优势，并鼓励有效行动的互补性。
This article explores the influence of private international standardization on international lawmaking in fields of public policy within the mandates of public international organizations and their member States. It assesses the advantages and limitations of self-regulatory action in areas relating to public policy through an empirical review of the recent development of the International Standard on social responsibility (ISO 26000). Particular attention is given to the interaction between private and public actors including governments and the United Nations and other international organizations. Specific reference is made to the cooperation between the International Organization of Standardization (ISO) and the International Labour Organization (ILO), the United Nations agency with a global mandate to develop and monitor the effect given to international labour standards, one of the subjects with which the Standard was integrally concerned. International rules and policies govern the conduct of private actors and their responsibility in specific fields of standardization under international trade law and, more broadly, under international human rights law. These rules impose duties on private standardization bodies to ensure that their decisions and actions are consistent with principles underlying public international law. In addition, codes of good practice provide guiding criteria for private standardization that draw upon principles relating to coherence, representativity, meaningful participation and transparency. Where matters of public interest and policy are concerned, such principles should inform and guide the interaction between private regimes for standardization and public international governance structures. The recognition of legal duties of private actors and principles of good practice for standardization provides the basis for a proposed Protocol, or other instrument of good practice, to guide private standardization activity in fields of public policy. As a starting point, an overall presumption should be applied by private standards bodies to give priority to standards that have been developed through public processes of democratic governance, in determining whether to enter a field relating to public policy and how to proceed. The approach seeks to build upon the comparative advantages of public and private action, and to encourage complementarity for effective action.