Review: Applications and benefits of sexed semen in dairy and beef herds
Review: Applications and benefits of sexed semen in dairy and beef herds
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DOI：
10.1017/s1751731118000721
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发表时间：
2018-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Butler, S. T.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Holden, S. A.;Butler, S. T.
在奶牛和肉牛生产中使用性别精液在农场和工业层面上都提供了许多好处。全球对乳制品和牛肉产品的需求不断增加，这将需要更多地关注提高生产效率。在奶牛业中，有多余的雄性小牛生产。与小母牛相比，雄性小母牛会增加难产的风险，而且作为用常规精液繁殖的不受欢迎的副产品，它们的经济价值很低。将性交精液纳入繁殖计划可以最大限度地减少不需要的雄性小奶牛的数量，并减少难产。经性别鉴定的精液可用于从牛群内部以更快的速度产生牛群替代和额外的小母牛，从而将与从不同牛群引入动物相关的生物安全风险降至最低。此外，与使用未分类的精液相比，使用性别鉴定的精液可以提高牛群的遗传增益。在奶牛群中，一种可持续的饲养策略可以结合使用性别鉴定的精液来产生替代品，以及在所有不适合产生替代品的母坝上使用牛肉精液。这导致奶牛群的遗传收益增加，奶牛群的牛肉产量增加，并减少了牛肉的温室气体排放。然而，值得注意的是，与常规精液相比，即使性交精液的受精率略有下降，也可能抵消大部分经济利益。与未分类的常规精液相比，高受精率的性别精液产品有可能加速种群扩张，最大限度地减少废物产生，改善动物福利，并增加盈利能力。
The use of sexed semen in dairy and beef cattle production provides a number of benefits at both farm and industry levels. There is an increasing demand for dairy and beef products across the globe, which will necessitate a greater focus on improving production efficiency. In dairy farming, there is surplus production of unwanted male calves. Male dairy calves increase the risk of dystocia compared with heifer calves, and as an unwanted by-product of breeding with conventional semen, they have a low economic value. Incorporating sexed semen into the breeding programme can minimise the number of unwanted male dairy calves and reduce dystocia. Sexed semen can be used to generate herd replacements and additional heifers for herd expansion at a faster rate from within the herd, thereby minimising biosecurity risks associated with bringing in animals from different herds. Furthermore, the use of sexed semen can increase herd genetic gain compared with use of non-sorted semen. In dairy herds, a sustainable breeding strategy could combine usage of sexed semen to generate replacements only, and usage of beef semen on all dams that are not suitable for generating replacements. This results in increased genetic gain in dairy herd, increased value of beef output from the dairy herd, and reduced greenhouse gas emissions from beef. It is important to note, however, that even a small decrease in fertility of sexed semen relative to conventional semen can negate much of the economic benefit. A high fertility sexed semen product has the potential to accelerate herd expansion, minimise waste production, improve animal welfare and increase profitability compared with non-sorted conventional semen.