The Kyrgyz Republic - Farm mechanization and agricultural productivity
The Kyrgyz Republic - Farm mechanization and agricultural productivity
复制标题
吉尔吉斯共和国 - 农业机械化和农业生产力
DOI：
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发表时间：
2009
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
T. Fileccia
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Guadagni;T. Fileccia
这份政策说明审查了吉尔吉斯共和国农业机械的状况。由于投资不足，农业生产力，特别是谷物产量很低。本说明认为，农业机械的严重不足阻碍了部门的生产力。吉尔吉斯共和国每公顷拖拉机的数量比任何可比国家都要少，赤字估计为40%。联合收割机的赤字估计为45%，甚至更严重。如果考虑到农业机械的使用年限，投资不足的情况就更加严重。国内小麦减产加剧了对粮食安全的关切。获得信贷的机会不足和农场规模小是限制农业机械化的主要因素。政策说明提出了三套中短期政策选择，以便：㈠通过为农业生产性资产制定信贷额度、租赁、便利获得二手设备以及测试/展示农业机械在小规模农业中的效率，促进对农业机械的需求; ㈡通过促进机械服务承包的发展和改善进入农业机械进口市场的机会，增加农业机械的供应，包括二手设备;以及iii）消除私人投资的障碍，避免分发农业机械或实物投入，为特定作物设定生产目标，并确保私营部门能够自由发挥其作用。
This policy note reviewed the status of farm machinery in the Kyrgyz Republic. Agricultural productivity, particularly in terms of grain yields, is low because of underinvestment. This note finds that a significant deficit in agricultural machinery is hindering sector productivity. The Kyrgyz Republic has fewer tractors per hectare than any comparable country, with a deficit estimated at 40 percent. The deficit of combine harvesters, estimated at 45 percent, is even more critical. When the age of agricultural machinery is taken into account, the underinvestment becomes even more acute. The reduced domestic production of wheat exacerbates food security concerns. Inadequate access to credit and small farm size are the main factors that constrain farm mechanization. The policy note presents three sets of short- to medium-term policy options to: i) promote the demand for farm machinery, by developing credit lines for agricultural productive assets, leasing, facilitating access to secondhand equipment, and testing/demonstrating the efficiency of farm machinery for small-scale farming; ii) increase the supply of farm machinery, by facilitating the development of mechanical services contracting and improving access to farm machinery import markets, including for second-hand equipment; and iii) remove obstacles to private investment, by avoiding distributions of farm machinery or inputs in-kind, the setting of production targets for specific crops, and ensuring that the private sector is free to fulfill its role.