Moving towards low-carbon buildings and cities: experiences from Oxford, UK
Moving towards low-carbon buildings and cities: experiences from Oxford, UK
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迈向低碳建筑和城市：英国牛津的经验
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发表时间：
2009
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通讯作者：
Rajat Gupta
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作者：
Rajat Gupta
本文回顾了历史名城牛津采取的两项关键举措，即采用自下而上和自上而下的碳计算方法，在住宅和城市范围内减少与能源有关的二氧化碳排放。描述了一种自下而上的碳计数方法DECoRuM的开发和应用。DECoRuM是一个基于地理信息系统的软件模型，它估计和绘制逐户基准能源使用和二氧化碳排放量，确定“污染”热点，预测二氧化碳排放量减少的潜力，并监测由于部署能源效率措施和可再生能源系统而实现的减少。将DECoRuM模型应用于牛津的一个案例研究表明，CO2排放量减少60%以上是可能的，每减少一吨CO2排放量的成本在6英镑到77英镑之间，这取决于所采用的一揽子措施和所采用的资本成本（低或高）的情况。除了DECoRuM，作者还领导了一个面向行动的牛津气候变化行动计划（OCCAP）的开发，该计划使用自上而下的方法为牛津市的基准年构建准确的二氧化碳排放清单，建立二氧化碳减排目标，并为每个能源相关部门提出行动，以实现这些目标。这两种不同但相辅相成的方法，为其他城市在减排方面的努力提供了一个有用的榜样。作者2009年。牛津大学出版社出版。All rights reserved.如需查询，请发送电子邮件至：oxfordjournals.org，牛津大学出版社。
This paper reviews two key initiatives undertaken in the historical city of Oxford to bring about reductions in energy-related CO 2 emissions on a dwelling-level as well as city-wide scale, using both bottom-up and top-down carbon-counting approaches. The development and application of a bottom-up carbon-counting approach called DECoRuM is described. DECoRuM is a Geographical Information System-based software model which estimates and maps baseline energy use and CO 2 emissions on a house-by-house level, identifies 'pollution' hotspots, predicts the potential for reductions in CO 2 emissions and monitors reductions achieved as a result of deploying energy efficiency measures and renewable energy systems. The application of DECoRuM model to a case study in Oxford shows that CO 2 emission reductions above 60% are possible, at a cost of between £6 and £77 per tonne of CO 2 emissions saved, depending upon the package of measures used and the scenario of capital costs (low or high) employed. Alongside DECoRuM, the author has led the development of an action-oriented Oxford Climate Change Action Plan (OCCAP) which uses top-down approaches to construct an accurate CO 2 emissions inventory for Oxford city for a baseline year, establish CO 2 reduction targets and propose action for each of the energy-related sectors to meet those targets. These two different, but complimentary, approaches provide a useful example for other cities in their endeavour for emission reductions. Copyright The Author 2009. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org, Oxford University Press.