What strategies are appropriate for monitoring children outside of family care and evaluating the impact of the programs intended to serve them?
What strategies are appropriate for monitoring children outside of family care and evaluating the impact of the programs intended to serve them?
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DOI：
10.1016/j.chiabu.2012.09.006
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发表时间：
2012-10-01
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Strottman, Kathleen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ager, Alastair;Zimmerman, Cathy;Strottman, Kathleen
目的：为加强支持家庭照料之外儿童的政策和做法的证据基础，需要有切实有效和可持续的监测和评价机制。为此，有两个核心问题指导了对证据的系统审查：什么样的战略适合于监测家庭照料之外儿童的需求和情况？什么样的战略适合于评估旨在为这些儿童服务的方案的影响？研究方法：在2011年12月美国政府关于保护家庭照料之外儿童的证据峰会的背景下，实施了结构化的文件搜索和审查程序。通过连续的审查阶段，首先使用结构化筛选标准，然后由一个专家小组进行专题审查，确定了73份文件供分析，结果：对模式和战略的分析表明：（1）有评估儿童需要的工具，但需要加以改进，以适应具体情况的需要;（2）设计良好的评价能够确定援助的影响;（3）长期的后续行动对于建立关于有效战略的坚实的证据基础至关重要;（4）对全系统监测机制的认识正在形成。除了描述监测和评价战略的关键组成部分外，调查结果还提请注意对儿童复原力和保护因素的评价、基于社区的监测和照顾者的作用，以及对儿童污名化的关切（通过鼓励给儿童贴“标签”的数据收集方法）和儿童参与的重要性。为加强对弱势儿童的保护而建立更强有力的证据基础，需要将评价纳入方案制定，使用能够评估干预措施可扩展性的适合具体情况的方法，并采用更多的纵向设计来探索儿童的发展轨迹。此外，今后的方案拟订将受益于全系统数据协调和国际比较、强调应对和复原机制的研究以及儿童参与监测和评价。(C)2012爱思唯尔有限公司保留所有权利。
Objectives: To strengthen the evidence-base for policy and practice for support of children outside of family care requires effective, efficient and sustainable mechanisms for monitoring and evaluation. Toward that end, two core questions guided a systematic review of evidence: What strategies are appropriate for monitoring the needs and circumstances of children outside of family care? What strategies are suitable for evaluating the impact of the programs intended to serve such children?Methods: A structured document search and review process was implemented within the context of the U.S. Government Evidence Summit on Protecting Children Outside of Family Care of December 2011. Through successive review phases, initially using structured screening criteria, followed by thematic review by an expert panel, 73 documents were identified for analysis.Results: Analysis of models and strategies indicates that: (1) tools are available for assessment of children's needs, but require refining to accommodate contextual demands; (2) well-designed evaluations are able to identify the influence of assistance; (3) long-term follow-up is crucial to developing a strong evidence-base on effective strategies; and (4) insights into systems-wide monitoring mechanisms are emerging. In addition to describing key components of monitoring and evaluation strategies, findings draw attention to the evaluation of children's resiliency and protective factors, community based monitoring and the role of caregivers, as well as concerns over the stigmatization of children (through data collection methodologies encouraging the 'labeling' of children) and the importance of children's participation. Fostering a stronger evidence-base to improve protection for vulnerable children requires evaluations that are integrated into program development, use context-appropriate methodologies able to assess intervention scalability and employ more longitudinal designs to explore children's trajectories. Further, future programming will benefit from systems-wide data coordination and international comparisons, research that emphasizes coping and resilience mechanisms, and children's participation in monitoring and evaluation. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.